安泽县王村河流域耕地景观及其影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-06-29 18:58

本文选题：耕地景观 + 空间分布　；参考：《山西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：耕地是人类生产生活的物质基础,其数量和结构不仅关系着粮食安全和社会稳定,而且更重要的是对生态环境安全和生态系统平衡的影响。本文选取安泽县王村河小流域为研究区,在ArcGIS和Fragstats软件的技术支持下,以王村河流域内耕地调查数据为基础,借助景观生态学指数,对研究区耕地分布现状及耕地景观特征进行了分析研究,并选取了地形、河流、人口因子,对其空间分布的影响因素进行了探讨。研究表明:(1)流域内主要的耕地景观类型为开荒地,其特征主要表现为小斑块、多斑块、高密度、斑块边界褶皱、形状复杂,开荒地内部组合复杂程度高,与其它类别的耕地镶嵌度高,分离程度强,破碎化程度高。承包地在空间分布上有较高的团簇性,承包地斑块的平均面积较大,空间连通度高,破碎度低。机动地和其他集体土地在流域内分布数量少,斑块形状较为简单,斑块间间隔距离远,景观破碎度较大。(2)王村河流域内耕地景观在村域之间分布差异明显。斑块个数、斑块面积及景观百分比的值都随着距城镇距离的增加而减小。核桃庄村斑块平均面积比较大,且斑块与斑块之间的团聚程度高,耕地斑块边界的曲折程度低,形状相对简单规则,李庄村则与之相反。王村与沟口村平均斑块面积差别不大,地块间的邻接度和嵌合度高。(3)王村河流域耕地景观的分布与地形、河流及人口因子有密切关系。首先,从高程和坡度条件来说,承包地和机动地多分布在海拔804-960m的平坡、微坡和缓坡地区,开荒地和其他集体土地在960-1052m的缓坡地区分布比较多,中坡、陡坡及1052m以上的地区耕地分布较少。从坡向上来说,王村河流域耕地主要分布在东南坡、东坡、南坡和东北坡,西坡和北坡分布较少。其次,就流域内总耕地来看,距离河流较近的区域耕地斑块分布相对密集,且多由较大斑块组成,景观破碎度低;就不同耕地类别来说,承包地、机动地及其他集体土地的斑块面积随河流距离的增加大体呈递减趋势,而开荒地则呈现先增后减的趋势。最后,相关分析结果显示,流域内耕地的数量和面积分布与行政村的人口数量呈正相关。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the material basis of human production and life. Its quantity and structure not only relate to food security and social stability, but also more important to the influence of ecological environment security and ecosystem balance. In this paper, the small watershed of Wangcun River in Anze County is selected as the study area, with the support of ArcGIS and Fragstats software, based on the survey data of cultivated land in Wangcun River Basin, and with the help of landscape ecology index. The present situation of cultivated land distribution and the characteristics of cultivated land landscape in the study area were analyzed, and the factors affecting the spatial distribution of the cultivated land, including topography, river and population factors, were selected. The results are as follows: (1) the main cultivated land landscape types in the watershed are open wasteland, the characteristics of which are small patch, multiple patch, high density, patch boundary fold, complex shape, complex internal combination of open wasteland. Compared with other types of cultivated land, it has high degree of mosaic, strong separation and high degree of fragmentation. The space distribution of contracted land is relatively high, the average area of patch is larger, the spatial connectivity is high, and the degree of fragmentation is low. The distribution of mobile land and other collective land in the watershed is small, the patch shape is relatively simple, the patch spacing is long, and the landscape fragmentation degree is large. (2) the distribution of cultivated land landscape in the Wangcun River basin is obviously different among the villages. The number of patches, patch area and landscape percentage decreased with the increase of the distance from town to town. The average area of patch in walnut village is large, and the degree of agglomeration between patch and patch is high, the zigzag degree of cultivated land patch boundary is low, the shape is relatively simple and regular, and Li Zhuang village is opposite to it. The average patch area of Wangcun and Goukou is not different, and the degree of adjacent and chimerism between plots is high. (3) the distribution of cultivated land landscape in Wangcun River Basin is closely related to topography, river and population factors. First of all, in terms of elevation and slope conditions, the contract land and the motorized land are mostly distributed at 804-960m elevation on the flat slope, the micro-slope and the gentle slope area, and the open wasteland and other collective land are distributed more frequently in the gentle slope area of 960-1052m, the middle slope. The distribution of cultivated land on steep slope and above 1052 m is less. From the aspect of slope, the distribution of cultivated land in Wangcun River basin is mainly in the southeast slope, the east slope, the south slope and the northeast slope, the west slope and the north slope distribution is less. Secondly, as far as the total cultivated land in the basin is concerned, the cultivated land patches near the river are relatively dense, and most of them are composed of larger patches, and the landscape fragmentation is low. The patch area of motorized land and other collective land decreased with the increase of river distance, while the open wasteland showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Finally, the results of correlation analysis show that the amount and area distribution of cultivated land are positively correlated with the population of administrative village.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.211;P901

【参考文献】