不同施肥措施提高南方黄泥田供钾能力及钾素平衡的作用

发布时间：2018-07-01 08:06

本文选题：黄泥田 + 供钾能力　；参考：《植物营养与肥料学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：【目的】基于连续30年南方低产黄泥田培肥定位试验,研究土壤全钾、速效钾、缓效钾含量与钾素盈亏特性,明确钾肥投入量与产量的关系,以期为黄泥田钾素肥力定向培育及水稻钾肥施用提供科学依据。【方法】定位监测不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥+牛粪(NPKM)、化肥+全部稻草还田(NPKS)四种施肥处理代表性年份耕层土壤钾素含量动态变化,分析各形态钾素间及与有机碳含量的关系,并于相邻集中年份2010、2011、2013、2014年采集植株样品以评价土壤钾素水平、土壤钾素盈亏、植株养分对钾肥投入量的响应。【结果】30年施肥处理下,土壤全钾含量平均较CK增加2.2%~5.0%,且双季稻年份不同处理差异较单季稻年份大,速效钾含量历年平均较CK增加43.9%~102.4%,以NPKS增加最为明显,而不同处理的土壤缓效钾含量无明显差异。土壤速效钾含量与全钾呈显著正相关,土壤全钾、速效钾含量与有机碳均呈极显著正相关。各施肥处理提高了收获期植株钾含量与累积量。NPKS处理每年盈余钾素(K2O)101.1 kg/hm2,其余处理每年亏缺幅度为 89.4~ 18.6 kg/hm2。钾肥用量、速效钾含量、土壤钾素盈亏量相互间呈极显著正相关,可推算出外源钾肥(K2O)每年投入量达到161.8 kg/hm2时,土壤钾素处于持平状态,其对应的土壤速效钾含量为95.3mg/kg。钾肥用量、速效钾含量、土壤钾素盈亏量及籽粒钾含量均与植株产量呈显著正相关。【结论】水稻增产效果与土壤钾肥投入量、速效钾含量及钾素盈亏量有关。黄泥田土壤速效钾较缓效钾、全钾更直接反映生产力水平。长期施肥提高了黄泥田土壤全钾与速效钾含量,NPK化肥加秸秆还田对增加土壤钾素盈余与提升速效钾效果要明显优于单施NPK化肥或NPK肥配合粪肥。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the characteristics of soil total potassium, available potassium, slow available potassium content and potassium profit and loss, and to determine the relationship between potassium input and yield based on the fertilization localization experiment of low yield yellow mud fields in southern China for 30 consecutive years. In order to provide scientific basis for the directional cultivation of potassium fertility in yellow mud field and the application of potash fertilizer in rice. [methods] four representative fertilization treatments, CK, NPK, NPKM and NPKS, were studied. The dynamic change of potassium content in topsoil in different years, The relationship between various forms of potassium and organic carbon content was analyzed, and the plant samples were collected in 2010 / 2011 / 2013.In 2014, the soil potassium level and the profit and loss of soil potassium were evaluated. The response of plant nutrient to potassium fertilizer input. [results] under 30 years fertilization, the total potassium content of soil increased by 2.2% and 5.0% than CK on average, and the difference between different treatments of double-cropping rice was greater than that of single-cropping rice. The content of available potassium increased by 43.9% and 102.4%, especially NPKS, but there was no significant difference between different treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between soil available potassium and total potassium, and between soil available potassium and organic carbon. The potassium content and accumulation of plants at harvest stage were increased by fertilization. NPKS treatment increased the annual surplus potassium (K _ 2O) by 101.1 kg 路hm ~ 2 路hm ~ (2). The annual deficit range of the other treatments was 89.4 ~ 18.6 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2). The amount of potassium fertilizer, the content of available potassium and the profit and loss of soil potassium were significantly positively correlated with each other. When the amount of K _ 2O input reached 161.8 kg/hm2 per year, the soil potassium content was flat, and the corresponding soil available potassium content was 95.3 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) of soil potassium. There was a significant positive correlation between potassium fertilizer amount, available potassium content, soil potassium profit and loss amount and grain potassium content. [conclusion] the yield of rice was related to the amount of soil potassium fertilizer, available potassium content and the amount of potassium profit and loss. [conclusion] the effect of increasing rice yield is related to the amount of soil potassium fertilizer input, the content of available potassium and the amount of potassium profit and loss. Soil available potassium in yellow mud field is more slowly available potassium, total potassium more directly reflects the productivity level. Long-term fertilization increased soil total potassium and available potassium content NPK fertilizer plus straw returning to the field had significantly better effects on increasing soil potassium surplus and promoting available potassium than only NPK fertilizer or NPK fertilizer combined with manure.
【作者单位】：福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所;
【基金】：省属公益类科研院所科研专项(2016R1021-2,2015R1022-5) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030) 福建省农科院PI创新团队项目(2016PI-31)资助
【分类号】：S158

【相似文献】