山西省耕地土壤养分空间分布及其与地貌禾口土壤的相关性研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 14:57

本文选题：土壤养分 + 空间格局　；参考：《山西农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土壤是历史的自然体,是基本的生产资料和人类劳动的产物。土地资源是进行农业生产的最基本的物质条件,也是人类生存和发展的重要的物质基础。耕地资源的缺乏,尤其是人均耕地面积的不足,使得怎样才能在宝贵的耕作土地上产出更高的产量,更高效的利用耕地资源成为当前急需解决的关乎民生的重要问题。因此对当前土壤各养分的空间变化特征及其分布概况进行深入研究,将有利于科学合理的指导种植、施肥、灌溉等,从而促进精准农业的发展。本研究首先通过传统统计学方法对山西全省以及各行政区的五种耕地土壤养分基础数据进行基本的分析,了解这几种土壤养分各自含量的变异程度,以及均值大小情况,接着进一步用地统计方法和地理信息技术的手段对山西省耕地土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾和pH的空间变异结构和空间格局分布进行了探究,用最优拟合模型对五种养分点数据进行了克里金插值,绘制了五种土壤养分空间分布格局图并进行分析。在对五种养分分别研究的基础上结合主成分分析法、地统计方法和GIS技术手段对山西土壤养分综合状况进行了进一步的研究。最后探讨了了不同地貌类型以及不同土壤类型上各种土壤养分含量情况,对不同土壤以及不同地貌上的养分信息进行了分析。研究结果显示,山西省耕地土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量值均表现出中等程度变异,pH为弱变异；除pH具有强烈的空间自相关性,有效磷具有弱的空间自相关性外,其他几种养分均具有中等程度的空间自相关性。有机质、全氮、速效钾、有效磷以及土壤养分综合状况含量空间分布格局呈现西北低,东南高的格局,而pH则相反,此结果与pH和其他养分呈强的负相关性的研究一致。不同养分在不同的地貌类型和土壤类型下表现出不同的显著性,其中河漫滩养分含量显著高于其他地貌,丘陵则表现性最差,褐土、棕壤、潮土在不同土壤下显著性较高,而黄绵土则表现出较低的显著性。
[Abstract]:Soil is the natural body of history, the basic means of production and the product of human labor. Land resource is the most basic material condition for agricultural production, and it is also an important material basis for human survival and development. The lack of cultivated land resources, especially the lack of cultivated land area per capita, makes how to produce higher yield on the valuable cultivated land, more efficient use of cultivated land resources has become an urgent need to solve the important issues related to people's livelihood. Therefore, in-depth study on the spatial variation and distribution of soil nutrients will be beneficial to the scientific and reasonable guidance of planting, fertilization, irrigation and so on, thus promoting the development of precision agriculture. In this study, the basic data of five kinds of cultivated land soil nutrients in Shanxi province and each administrative region were analyzed by traditional statistical method, and the variation degree and the mean value of the soil nutrient contents of the five kinds of cultivated land were analyzed. Then the spatial variation structure and spatial pattern distribution of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH of cultivated land in Shanxi Province were studied by means of land use statistics and geographic information technology. The Kriging interpolation of five nutrient points was carried out by using the optimal fitting model, and the spatial distribution pattern of five kinds of soil nutrients was plotted and analyzed. Based on the study of five kinds of nutrients, combined with principal component analysis (PCA), geostatistics and GIS techniques, the comprehensive status of soil nutrients in Shanxi Province was further studied. Finally, the nutrient contents of different soils in different geomorphological types and different soil types were discussed, and the nutrient information of different soils and different landforms were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in cultivated soil of Shanxi Province showed moderate variation and weak variation in pH, except for strong spatial autocorrelation of pH and weak spatial autocorrelation of available phosphorus. Other nutrients have moderate spatial autocorrelation. The spatial distribution pattern of organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and soil nutrients was lower in northwest and higher in southeast, but the pH was opposite. The results were consistent with the study of strong negative correlation between pH and other nutrients. The nutrient content of the floodplain was significantly higher than that of the other landforms, while that of the hills was the worst, and that of the cinnamon soil, brown soil and tidal soil was higher than that of the other topsoil, and the nutrient content of the floodplain was significantly higher than that of the other landforms under different geomorphological types and soil types. Yellow spongy soil showed lower significance.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158

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