基于黑土农田生物多样性监测样地的地表大型节肢动物群落特征

发布时间：2018-07-03 19:34

  本文选题：节肢动物 + 生物多样性　； 参考：《应用生态学报》2017年12期

【摘要】：农田生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,是全球生态与环境研究的关键区之一.为了研究农田生物群落构建过程,探索其多样性维持机理,本研究于2015年在东北典型黑土区建立了16 hm~2的农田生物多样性监测样地,按照作物生长期,于玉米生长大喇叭口期(8月初)、抽穗期(9月初)和成熟期(10月初)对陷阱法获取的地表大型节肢动物进行了统计分析.结果表明:3次调查共获得地表大型节肢动物5284只,隶属于节肢动物门3纲12目32科47种.调查中优势类群3类,常见类群11类.节肢动物营养功能群中植食性和杂食性节肢动物所占比重较大.地表大型节肢动物物种数量和个体数量随作物生长期有显著变化.9月初节肢动物的Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数相对较高,8月初Simpson优势度指数较高.从不同物种的变异系数(CV)及群落空间插值可以看出,节肢动物群落在水平方向上存在异质性.在与土壤环境因子关系上,双变量相关分析表明,不同月份地表大型节肢动物总个体数与土壤p H值、有机质、全氮、含水量的相关性均未达到显著性水平;典范对应分析(CCA)进一步表明,优势类群和常见类群对环境因子具有较强的适应能力,在研究区内分布广泛.农田生物多样性监测样地内地表节肢动物物种组成丰富,在作物不同生长时期地表节肢动物群落组成及空间分布格局具有明显的变化过程.农田生物多样性监测样地通过大尺度、长时间对样地内土壤动物空间过程进行监测,可以为解决群落生物多样性形成和维持机制提供重要手段.
[Abstract]:Farmland ecosystem is an important part of terrestrial ecosystem and one of the key areas of global ecological and environmental research. In order to study the process of farmland biota construction and explore the mechanism of its diversity maintenance, 16 hm~2 farmland biodiversity monitoring plots were established in the typical black soil region of Northeast China in 2015, according to crop growth period. The surface macroarthropods obtained by trap method were statistically analyzed at the stage of big bell mouth (early August), heading stage (early September) and maturity stage (early October). The results showed that 5284 large arthropods, belonging to 32 families, 32 families and 47 species of 3 classes and 12 orders of Arthropoda, were obtained from three surveys. In the investigation, there are 3 dominant groups and 11 common groups. Vegetative and omnivorous arthropods account for a large proportion of vegetative functional groups of arthropods. The number of species and individuals of large arthropods on the surface varied significantly with the crop growth period. The Shannon diversity index Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index of arthropods in early September were higher than those in early August and the Simpson dominance index was higher in early August. From the coefficient of variation (CV) of different species and the spatial interpolation of the community, we can see that there is heterogeneity in the horizontal direction of arthropod community. In relation to soil environmental factors, bivariate correlation analysis showed that the correlation between soil pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, water content and total individual number of surface macroarthropod in different months was not significant. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) further showed that dominant groups and common groups had strong adaptability to environmental factors and were widely distributed in the study area. The species composition of surface arthropods is abundant in the farmland biodiversity monitoring plots, and the community composition and spatial distribution pattern of surface arthropods in different growing stages of crops have obvious change process. Monitoring the spatial processes of soil animals in farmland biodiversity monitoring plots on a large scale and for a long time can provide an important means to solve the formation and maintenance mechanism of community biodiversity.
【作者单位】： 吉林大学地球科学学院;中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室;哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41430857)资助~~
【分类号】：S181
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本文编号：2094767