适应气候变化的中国农业种植结构调整研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 20:24

本文选题：气候变化 + 适应　；参考：《中国农业科技导报》2017年01期

【摘要】：近百年来,全球正经历一次以变暖为主要特征的气候变化,随着气候变化及其所带来的影响日益显著,目前适应气候变化越来越成为全球关注的热点问题。我国已有的农业种植结构调整适应气候变化实践非常丰富,但诸多研究者并未进行过系统的梳理,对已有实践的适应气候变化内涵没有清晰地认识。为了更好的应对未来气候变化,从种植制度、作物布局、品种布局三个方面阐述了气候变化对中国农业种植结构调整的影响,结合东北水稻玉米扩种、冬麦北移、华北"两晚"技术、长江中下游双季稻改制、南方冬季农业开发等典型适应气候变化案例,探讨复种指数、间作套种模式、作物配置、种植界限、种植比例、抗旱品种、抗病虫害品种等农业种植结构调整的不同方面适应气候变化的内涵,提出了种植结构调整中适应气候变化工作面临的关键问题,倡导进一步加强气候变化各要素对种植熟制的综合影响研究,深入开展农业精细区划与作物布局优化配置研究以及适应气候变化的育种多目标优化决策研究。
[Abstract]:In the last hundred years, the world is experiencing a climate change characterized by warming. With the increasing significance of climate change and its impact, adaptation to climate change has become a hot issue in the world. The existing agricultural planting structure adjustment to adapt to climate change practice is very rich, but many researchers have not carried out a systematic combing, there is no clear understanding of the connotation of the existing practice of climate change adaptation. In order to better deal with the future climate change, the effects of climate change on the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in China were expounded from three aspects: planting system, crop distribution and variety distribution. Combined with the expansion of rice and maize in Northeast China, winter wheat moved northward. The "two nights" technique in North China, the reform of double cropping rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the agricultural development in winter in southern China and other typical adaptation cases to climate change are discussed. The index of multiple cropping, intercropping pattern, crop allocation, planting boundary, planting ratio, drought-resistant varieties are discussed. Different aspects of adjusting agricultural planting structure, such as resistant varieties of diseases and pests, to adapt to the connotation of climate change, and the key problems of adapting to climate change in the adjustment of planting structure are put forward. It is advocated to further strengthen the comprehensive effect of climate change factors on planting and ripening, to further develop the research on agricultural fine zoning and crop layout optimization and to study breeding multi-objective optimal decision making to adapt to climate change.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所;
【基金】：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC09B00)资助
【分类号】：S162

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