施用三种肥料对不同复垦年限土壤Hedley磷形态及玉米产量的影响

发布时间：2018-07-04 08:30

本文选题：解磷菌肥 + 不同复垦年限　；参考：《山西农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文通过田间小区试验研究了三种肥料配施对复垦一年和复垦六年土壤的有效磷、全磷、碱性磷酸酶、Hedley磷形态和磷的吸附解吸性能以及玉米产量的影响,结论如下：(1)玉米成熟期不同施肥处理中,复垦六年下晨雨复合肥+腐熟鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理较对照处理土壤有效磷含量提高最大,提高了490.3%,分别比晨雨复合肥、晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥处理提高了50.8%、40.7%,且处理间具有显著性差异；而复垦六年土壤有效磷含量比复垦一年提高了43.9%-233.6%,随着复垦年限的增加土壤有效磷含量也不断增加,其中晨雨复合肥+腐熟鸡粪处理下复垦土壤有效磷含量的增加最多。(2)玉米成熟期不同施肥处理中,复垦一年和复垦六年下晨雨复合肥处理较对照处理土壤的全磷含量最大,分别为429.0mg/kg、646.7mg/kg,均高于其它处理;各施肥处理复垦六年土壤全磷含量比复垦一年提高了37.2%-52.0%,说明土壤全磷含量随着复垦年限的增加而增加,其中晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥处理下复垦土壤全磷含量的增加最多。(3)玉米成熟期不同施肥处理中,复垦六年下晨雨复合肥+腐熟鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理较对照处理土壤碱性磷酸酶活性提高了61.1%,对提高土壤中的碱性磷酸酶活性较为优越,该处理比相应未施解磷菌肥的处理提高了10.1%,其效果最好。表明增施解磷菌肥对复垦土壤的碱性磷酸酶活性有一定的积极作用。而复垦六年土壤碱性磷酸酶活性比复垦一年提高了27.6%-98.5%,其中晨雨复合肥处理下复垦土壤碱性磷酸酶活性的增加最多。(4)通过在复垦一年和复垦六年土壤上进行7种不同的施肥处理来研究土壤各形态磷的影响,采用修正的Hedley磷分级法分析测定了玉米成熟期不同复垦年限玉米土壤的9种不同的磷素形态。结果表明：复垦土壤中9种不同形态的磷素含量,通过不同施肥处理使其影响效果不同。不同施肥处理复垦一年土壤,腐熟鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理对H2O-Po、H2O-Pi、NaHCO3-Po、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Po、NaOH-Pi、HCl-Po含量提高最大,而晨雨复合肥处理对HCl-Pi含量提高最大。不同施肥处理复垦六年土壤中,晨雨复合肥+腐熟鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理对H2O-Pi、NaOH-Po含量提高最大,腐熟鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理对H2O-Po、NaHCO3-Po、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Pi含量提高最大,晨雨复合肥处理对HCl-Po、HCl-Pi、残渣态-P含量提高最大。而复垦六年土壤中,施用解磷菌肥的3个处理与未施用解磷菌肥处理相比,腐熟鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理对H2O-Po、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Po、NaOH-Pi的效果最好,分别提高了8.9%、4.9%、13.0%、5.8%;晨雨复合肥+腐熟鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理对H2O-Pi、NaHCO3-Po的效果最好,分别提高了2.7%、4.6%。各施肥处理复垦六年与复垦一年整体相比,Hedley磷分级各形态含量均提高,说明随着复垦年限的增加,各施肥处理磷的各形态含量也在增加。(5)对复垦一年和复垦六年土壤的磷吸附应用Langmuir方程进行拟合,各施肥处理的相关系数均达极显著水平,复垦一年和复垦六年的土壤最大吸磷量分别在758.54-892.72mg/kg、382.00-583.33mg/kg之间,磷的最大吸附特性值(MBC)分别在70.04-113.67mL/g、22.63-56.06mL/g之间,土壤对磷的吸附能力均较强,其中晨雨复合肥+腐熟鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理的配合施用较其他施肥处理显著降低了土壤对磷吸附的能级。对于不同施肥处理复垦一年和复垦六年土壤的磷吸附量都随着土壤磷初始浓度的增加而增加,而土壤的磷解吸量也与土壤磷吸附量呈正相关。施用解磷菌肥的3个处理比未施解磷菌肥处理土壤磷吸附量小,而土壤磷解吸量大,试验表明施用解磷菌肥降低了土壤的吸附能力,而对土壤磷的解吸具有积极的促进作用。(6)不同施肥处理复垦六年土壤中腐熟鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理玉米产量604.01kg/亩,该处理对玉米增产较显著。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of three fertilizers on the effective phosphorus, total phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, Hedley phosphorus form and the adsorption desorption performance of phosphorus and the effect of maize yield were studied by the field plot experiment. The conclusions were as follows: (1) in the different fertilization treatment of Maize at maturity, the morning rain compound fertilizer + decayed chicken manure + was reclaimed for six years. Compared with the control treatment, the soil effective phosphorus content increased by 490.3%, which was higher than the morning rain compound fertilizer, the morning rain compound fertilizer and the phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment increased by 50.8%, 40.7%, and there was a significant difference between the treatment and the treatment. While the soil effective phosphorus content of the soil was increased by 43.9%-233.6% in six years, with the increase of reclaimed years. The content of available P in soil is also increasing, among which the content of effective P in soil under the treatment of morning rain compound fertilizer + decayed chicken manure is the most. (2) the total phosphorus content of soil is the largest in the year of reclaimed and six years of reclaimed soil, which is higher than that of the control soil, which is 429.0mg/kg and 646.7mg/kg, respectively. Other treatments, the total phosphorus content of soil in six years of fertilization treatment increased by 37.2%-52.0%, indicating that the total phosphorus content of soil increased with the increase of reclaimed years, in which the content of total phosphorus in the reclaimed soil increased by the morning rain compound fertilizer + phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment. (3) the morning rain of six years was reclaimed for six years in different fertilization treatments for the maturing period of jade rice. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in soil was increased by 61.1%, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in soil was better than that of the control treatment. The treatment was 10.1% better than that of the corresponding phosphate fertilizer. The results showed that the alkaline phosphatase activity of the soil was increased by adding phosphate solubilizing fertilizer. The soil alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 27.6%-98.5% in six years, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the reclaimed soil was increased by the morning rain compound fertilizer. (4) the effects of phosphorus on soil forms were studied by 7 different fertilizer treatments on the soil of reclamation for one year and six years of reclamation. The modified Hedley phosphorus classification method was used to determine 9 different phosphorus forms of Maize Soil in different reclaimed years in maize. The results showed that the effect of 9 different forms of phosphorus content in the reclaimed soil was different by different fertilization treatments. Different fertilization treatments were used to reclaim soil for one year, decayed chicken manure and phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment to H The content of 2O-Po, H2O-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Po, NaOH-Pi, HCl-Po has the greatest improvement, while the morning rain compound fertilizer treatment improves the HCl-Pi content most. In the six year soil, the morning rain compound fertilizer + decayed chicken manure + phosphate solubilizing bacterial fertilizer treatment improves the H2O-Pi, the NaOH-Po content is the greatest, the rotten chicken manure + phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment to H2O-Po, NaHCO3-Po. The content of NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi increased most. The content of HCl-Po, HCl-Pi and residue -P in the morning rain compound fertilizer treatment was the greatest. In the six year reclaimed soil, 3 treatments of phosphate solubilizing fertilizer were better than the treatment of non phosphate fertilizer treatment. The effects of decayed chicken manure and phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment on H2O-Po, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Po and NaOH-Pi were best, and 8.9% increased respectively. 4.9%, 13%, 5.8%, the effect of morning rain compound fertilizer + decayed chicken manure + phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment on H2O-Pi, NaHCO3-Po was the best, increased by 2.7%. Compared with the whole reclamation for six years for six years, each form content of Hedley phosphorus classification increased, indicating that each form of phosphorus content of each fertilizer treatment increased with the increase of reclaimed years. (5) to fit the Langmuir equation for the application of phosphorus adsorption on soil for one year and six years of reclamation, the correlation coefficient of each fertilizer treatment reached a very significant level. The maximum phosphorus uptake of the soil for one year and six years of reclamation was 758.54-892.72mg/kg and 382.00-583.33mg/kg respectively, and the maximum adsorption characteristic value of phosphorus (MBC) was in 70.04-113.67mL, respectively. The adsorption capacity of soil to phosphorus was strong between /g and 22.63-56.06mL/g, in which the combined application of morning rain compound fertilizer + decayed chicken manure + phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment significantly reduced the level of soil phosphorus adsorption. The phosphorus adsorption of soil for one year reclaimed and reclaimed for six years with different fertilizer treatments were all along with the initial concentration of soil phosphorus. The amount of phosphorus desorption in soil was also positively correlated with the amount of phosphorus adsorption in soil. The 3 treatments used for phosphate solubilizing fertilizer were smaller than that of the unphosphate fertilizer treatment soil, and the soil phosphorus adsorption capacity was large. The experiment showed that the application of phosphate solubilizing fertilizer reduced the adsorption capacity of soil, and had a positive effect on the desorption of soil phosphorus. (6) The yield of Maize Treated with decomposed chicken manure + phosphate solubilizing bacteria fertilizer in the soil for six years after reclamation was 604.01kg/ mu.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S513;S153.6

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