长期施钼对作物根际土壤微生物多样性及磷素转化特征的影响
发布时间：2024-11-24 22:11
在世界范围内磷(P)是限制作物生长的主要因素之一,因为土壤中大部分磷生物有效性低。钼是存在于土壤中的一种微量元素,同时也是是微生物和植物生长所必需的微量元素。磷与钼在植物体内存在协同效应。然而,钼介导的不同作物根际磷素动态变化及转化特征尚没有系统研究,本文利用长期定位试验研究了在豆科作物和非豆科作物系统中,钼对作物根际土壤微生物群落结构、根际代谢物及土壤磷转化特征的影响。(1)16S r RNA测序结果表明钼在不同分类水平上影响土壤微生物的多样性及其组成。与不施钼处理相比,无论是在大豆还是玉米根际土壤中,施钼均增加了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)所占的比例。在大豆根际土壤中,2个细菌门(变形菌门和酸杆菌门)在缺钼和施钼处理所占比例之和分别为39.43%和57.74%,而在玉米根际土壤中,2个细菌门所占比例之和在缺钼和施钼处理分别为44.51%和46.64%。在纲(class)水平上,大豆根际土壤缺钼与施钼处理在酸杆菌、放线杆菌、变形杆菌、氯氟莱西菌、酸杆菌DA052、假丝酵母菌科瑞氏杆菌、罗氏杆菌、开氏杆菌等纲的丰度上存在显著差异,而在玉...
【文章页数】：163 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER1:RESEARCH BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND:
1.2 WHAT MAKES P SO SPECIAL
1.2.1 The forms,mobility and transformations of soil P
1.2.2 Applied chemical P fertilizer in Soil
1.3 MECHANISMS OF NUTRIENT ACQUISITION BY PLANT ROOTS
1.3.1 Phosphorus availability and uptake
1.4 MECHANISMS OF P MOBILIZATION BY SOIL MICROORGANISMS
1.4.1 Phosphatase activity and the potential for accessing soil organic phosphorus
1.4.2 Solubilization of inorganic P
1.4.3 Accumulation and turnover of microbial biomass P
1.5 RHIZOSPHERE INTERACTIONS
1.5.1 P dynamics in the rhizosphere
1.5.2 Root Architecture
1.5.3 Can the release of organic anions from roots mobilise soil phosphorus?
1.6 MOLYBDENUM AS AN ESSENTIAL MICROELEMENT
1.6.1 Identification of molybdenum as an essential plant element
1.6.2 The role of molybdenum in agricultural plant production
1.6.3 Importance of molybdenum in agricultural crop plants
1.6.4 Importance of molybdenum in leaf ultra-structure
1.6.5 Availability of molybdenum in agricultural soils
1.7 MOLYBDENUM AND PHOSPHORUS INTERACTION
1.8 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER2:16S RRNA GENE-BASED PYROSEQUENCING REVEALED THE EFFECT OF MOLYBDENUM ON MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURAL COMPOSITION IN MAIZE AND SOYBEAN
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.2.1 Experimental materials and treatment
2.2.2 Sample collection
2.2.3 Plant analysis
2.2.4 Determination of soil chemical properties
2.2.5 Bacterial community analysis
2.2.6 Statistical analysis
2.3 RESULTS
2.3.1 Response of soil characteristics,crop nutrients acquisition and accumulation
2.3.2 Species richness and bacterial community diversity
2.3.3 Bacterial community structure
2.4 DISCUSSION
2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER3:MOLYBDENUM-INDUCED EFFECTS ON METABOLITES VARIATIONS IN SOIL OF MAIZE AND SOYBEAN INCLUDING THE COMPREHENSIVE ALTERATIONS COMPARISON WITHIN THE CROPS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.2.1 Experimental materials and treatment
3.2.2 Sample collection
3.2.3 Metabolomics Analysis
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Visual analysis of original chromatogram
3.3.2 Analysis of PLS-DA and supervised OPLS-DA
3.3.3 Metabolic changes in response NPK and NPKMO
3.4 DISCUSSION
3.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER4:MOLYBDENUM INDUCED CHANGES ON RHIZOSPHERE AND NON-RHIZOSPHERE SOIL PHOSPHORUS TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOAVAILABILITY IN LEGUMINOUS AND NON-LEGUMINOUS CROPPING SYSTEMS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHOD
4.2.1 Experimental materials and treatment
4.2.2 Sample collection
4.2.3 Soil chemical analysis
4.2.4 Soil P-enzymes activity
4.2.5 Total RNA extraction and quantitative RT-PCR
4.3 RESULTS
4.3.1 Changes in p H,soil organic matter(SOM)and available molybdenum in response of molybdenum application
4.3.2 Molybdenum application enhanced the soil microbial phosphorus(SMP)
4.3.3 Phosphorus fractionation as effected by molybdenum application
4.3.4 Soil P enzymes activities
4.3.5 Mo supply regulated the expression of pho N,pho C,pho D and BPP genes transcripts
4.4.DISCUSSION
4.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER5:MO SUPPLY INCREASED BIOMASS AND GRAIN YIELD THROUGH ENHANCING P,MO UPTAKE,ASSIMILATION AND BY INDUCED EFFECT IN LEAF ULTRA-STRUCTURES
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHOD
5.2.1 Experimental materials and treatment
5.2.2 Sample collection
5.2.3 Plant analysis
5.2.4 Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis
5.2.5 Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis
5.3 RESULTS
5.3.1 Effect of molybdenum on biomass yield and yield components of non-leguminous and leguminous crops
5.3.2 Impact of Molybdenum(Mo)application on Phosphorus(P)and Mo acquisition
5.3.3 Mo supply altered the leaf anatomy and chloroplast morphology configuration
5.4 DISCUSSION
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER6:CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
6.1 MAIN CONCLUSIONS
6.1.1 Molybdenum application complementary effect toward the biomass yield and yield components
6.1.2 Extent of Mo fertilizer effect on crop nutrients acquisition and accumulation in different parts
6.1.3 Molybdenum fertilizer improved the soil chemical properties
6.1.4 Microbial community structural composition is affected by Mo supply revealed by pyrosequencing analysis
6.1.5 Molybdenum-induced effects on metabolites variations in comparison within the treatment and between the maize and soybean
6.1.6 Molybdenum induced changes on rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil P fractionation
6.1.7 Mo application increased the soil P enzymes activities and expressions of these enzymes
6.1.8 Mo supply increased the microbial biomass P
6.1.9 Mo application also has positive effect on leaf ultrastructure
6.2 FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
本文编号：4012541
【文章页数】：163 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER1:RESEARCH BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND:
1.2 WHAT MAKES P SO SPECIAL
1.2.1 The forms,mobility and transformations of soil P
1.2.2 Applied chemical P fertilizer in Soil
1.3 MECHANISMS OF NUTRIENT ACQUISITION BY PLANT ROOTS
1.3.1 Phosphorus availability and uptake
1.4 MECHANISMS OF P MOBILIZATION BY SOIL MICROORGANISMS
1.4.1 Phosphatase activity and the potential for accessing soil organic phosphorus
1.4.2 Solubilization of inorganic P
1.4.3 Accumulation and turnover of microbial biomass P
1.5 RHIZOSPHERE INTERACTIONS
1.5.1 P dynamics in the rhizosphere
1.5.2 Root Architecture
1.5.3 Can the release of organic anions from roots mobilise soil phosphorus?
1.6 MOLYBDENUM AS AN ESSENTIAL MICROELEMENT
1.6.1 Identification of molybdenum as an essential plant element
1.6.2 The role of molybdenum in agricultural plant production
1.6.3 Importance of molybdenum in agricultural crop plants
1.6.4 Importance of molybdenum in leaf ultra-structure
1.6.5 Availability of molybdenum in agricultural soils
1.7 MOLYBDENUM AND PHOSPHORUS INTERACTION
1.8 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER2:16S RRNA GENE-BASED PYROSEQUENCING REVEALED THE EFFECT OF MOLYBDENUM ON MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURAL COMPOSITION IN MAIZE AND SOYBEAN
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.2.1 Experimental materials and treatment
2.2.2 Sample collection
2.2.3 Plant analysis
2.2.4 Determination of soil chemical properties
2.2.5 Bacterial community analysis
2.2.6 Statistical analysis
2.3 RESULTS
2.3.1 Response of soil characteristics,crop nutrients acquisition and accumulation
2.3.2 Species richness and bacterial community diversity
2.3.3 Bacterial community structure
2.4 DISCUSSION
2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER3:MOLYBDENUM-INDUCED EFFECTS ON METABOLITES VARIATIONS IN SOIL OF MAIZE AND SOYBEAN INCLUDING THE COMPREHENSIVE ALTERATIONS COMPARISON WITHIN THE CROPS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.2.1 Experimental materials and treatment
3.2.2 Sample collection
3.2.3 Metabolomics Analysis
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Visual analysis of original chromatogram
3.3.2 Analysis of PLS-DA and supervised OPLS-DA
3.3.3 Metabolic changes in response NPK and NPKMO
3.4 DISCUSSION
3.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER4:MOLYBDENUM INDUCED CHANGES ON RHIZOSPHERE AND NON-RHIZOSPHERE SOIL PHOSPHORUS TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOAVAILABILITY IN LEGUMINOUS AND NON-LEGUMINOUS CROPPING SYSTEMS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHOD
4.2.1 Experimental materials and treatment
4.2.2 Sample collection
4.2.3 Soil chemical analysis
4.2.4 Soil P-enzymes activity
4.2.5 Total RNA extraction and quantitative RT-PCR
4.3 RESULTS
4.3.1 Changes in p H,soil organic matter(SOM)and available molybdenum in response of molybdenum application
4.3.2 Molybdenum application enhanced the soil microbial phosphorus(SMP)
4.3.3 Phosphorus fractionation as effected by molybdenum application
4.3.4 Soil P enzymes activities
4.3.5 Mo supply regulated the expression of pho N,pho C,pho D and BPP genes transcripts
4.4.DISCUSSION
4.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER5:MO SUPPLY INCREASED BIOMASS AND GRAIN YIELD THROUGH ENHANCING P,MO UPTAKE,ASSIMILATION AND BY INDUCED EFFECT IN LEAF ULTRA-STRUCTURES
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHOD
5.2.1 Experimental materials and treatment
5.2.2 Sample collection
5.2.3 Plant analysis
5.2.4 Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis
5.2.5 Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis
5.3 RESULTS
5.3.1 Effect of molybdenum on biomass yield and yield components of non-leguminous and leguminous crops
5.3.2 Impact of Molybdenum(Mo)application on Phosphorus(P)and Mo acquisition
5.3.3 Mo supply altered the leaf anatomy and chloroplast morphology configuration
5.4 DISCUSSION
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER6:CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
6.1 MAIN CONCLUSIONS
6.1.1 Molybdenum application complementary effect toward the biomass yield and yield components
6.1.2 Extent of Mo fertilizer effect on crop nutrients acquisition and accumulation in different parts
6.1.3 Molybdenum fertilizer improved the soil chemical properties
6.1.4 Microbial community structural composition is affected by Mo supply revealed by pyrosequencing analysis
6.1.5 Molybdenum-induced effects on metabolites variations in comparison within the treatment and between the maize and soybean
6.1.6 Molybdenum induced changes on rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil P fractionation
6.1.7 Mo application increased the soil P enzymes activities and expressions of these enzymes
6.1.8 Mo supply increased the microbial biomass P
6.1.9 Mo application also has positive effect on leaf ultrastructure
6.2 FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
本文编号：4012541
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