黄土丘陵区小流域不同整地措施长期影响下的土壤水力学特性

发布时间：2018-07-04 15:22

本文选题：黄土高原 + 整地方式　；参考：《环境科学》2017年09期

【摘要】：水分是维持旱区生态系统健康与可持续性的关键因子.整地措施能够重塑地表微地形,利于旱区雨水收集、侵蚀防控和促进植被恢复,整地长期影响下的土壤水力学性质是本文的研究重点.以定西龙滩流域为研究区,通过野外采样与室内实验相结合,分析植被恢复过程中典型整地措施(鱼鳞坑、反坡台)的土壤水分时空分布、土壤水分特征曲线和水分常数,并辅以自然坡面为对照定量评价工程措施的土壤水力学特性.结果表明:(1)整地可以有效提高土壤水分含量.整地后土壤水分体积分数平均提高1.883%,相比自然坡面高出了22.62%.反坡台和鱼鳞坑整地后,土壤水分含量分别提高了29.69%和15.55%.(2)与对照相比,鱼鳞坑和反坡台的饱和含水量分别提高了7.52%和4.24%,有效水含量分别提高了4.74%和11.40%,整地措施能够提高土壤持水力和供水力,改善土壤水力学性质.(3)整地措施对表层土壤持水能力和供水能力的影响较深层大,与对照相比,鱼鳞坑和反坡台表层土壤(0~20 cm)有效水分提高了38.75%和23.84%,而深层(60~80 cm)有效水分与自然坡面差异只有3.34%和3.85%;土壤水分差异也随着土层深度而减少.本研究定量评价了不同整地方式和自然坡面的土壤水分特性,其结果期望为脆弱生态系统植被恢复和水土资源管理提供科学依据.
[Abstract]:Water is a key factor to maintain ecosystem health and sustainability in arid areas. Land preparation measures can reshape the surface microtopography, which is conducive to Rain Water collection, erosion prevention and control and vegetation restoration in arid areas. The soil hydraulic properties under the long-term influence of land preparation are the focus of this paper. Taking the Longtan watershed of Dingxi as the study area, through the combination of field sampling and laboratory experiments, the temporal and spatial distribution of soil moisture, soil moisture characteristic curves and water constants of typical land preparation measures (fishscale pit, backslope platform) in the process of vegetation restoration were analyzed. The soil hydraulics characteristics of engineering measures were evaluated quantitatively with natural slope. The results showed that: (1) soil preparation could effectively increase soil moisture content. The volume fraction of soil moisture increased by 1.883, 22.62% higher than that on natural slope. The soil moisture content increased by 29.69% and 15.55% respectively. (2) compared with the control, the soil moisture content increased by 29.69% and 15.55% respectively. The saturated water content of the fishscale pit and the backslope platform increased by 7.52% and 4.24% respectively, and the effective water content increased by 4.74% and 11.40%, respectively. The soil preparation measures could improve the water holding capacity and water supply capacity of the soil. (3) the effect of soil preparation measures on the water holding capacity and water supply capacity of surface soil was greater than that of the control. The effective water content of surface soil (0 ~ 20 cm) increased by 38.75% and 23.84%, while that of deep layer (60 ~ 80 cm) was only 3.34% and 3.85%, and the difference of soil moisture decreased with the depth of soil layer. In this study, the soil moisture characteristics of different land preparation methods and natural slopes were quantitatively evaluated, and the results were expected to provide scientific basis for vegetation restoration and soil and water resource management in fragile ecosystems.
【作者单位】：中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学;中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所水利部水土保持生态工程技术研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41371123,41501091) 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501701) “十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAC01B02) 中国科学院青年创新促进会项目
【分类号】：S152.7

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