高分子多肽衍生物防治风蚀的风洞试验

发布时间：2018-07-05 09:48

本文选题：风洞 + 多肽　；参考：《农业工程学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：利用高分子化学材料改善地表结构进行化学固沙,是防治风蚀的重要措施之一。为寻找有效的高分子化学材料防治黄土高原北部水蚀风蚀交错区风积沙及沙黄土风蚀,将不同剂量(0(喷清水为对照)、0.4、0.6及1.2 g/m~2)的4种高分子化学材料聚丙烯酰胺(polyacrylamide,PAM)、阳离子羟丙基多糖(cationic hydroxypropyl quito sugar,Jag C162)、羧甲基纤维素(carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC)及羟丙基化多糖(hydroxypropyl polysaccharide,HP-120)喷施于沙黄土及风积沙表面,进行室内风洞试验,测定其风蚀率及表面固积层硬度。结果表明:喷施不同剂量的高分子化学材料PAM、Jag C162、CMC及HP-120于沙黄土及风积沙表面均能显著降低松散扰动沙黄土及风积沙的风蚀率(P0.05)。总体而言,在相同条件下,与其他3种材料相比,PAM防治沙黄土表面风蚀的效果最好,而CMC在防治风积沙风蚀效果最好。喷施4种化学材料于沙黄土和风积沙表面均能显著增加固结层的硬度(0.4 g/m~2 Jag C162除外),且PAM对提高沙黄土表面硬度效果较好,Jag C162、CMC及HP-120对提高风积沙结皮硬度效果较好,其中CMC效果最显著;使用4种高分子化学材料防治风积沙和沙黄土风蚀时,当施用剂量控制在1.2 g/m~2时,几乎可以抵御14 m/s的大风,历时20 min的吹蚀而不产生风蚀。
[Abstract]:It is one of the important measures to prevent wind erosion to improve the surface structure by using polymer chemical materials to fix sand chemically. In order to find effective polymeric chemical materials to prevent wind erosion and sand erosion in the water erosion and wind erosion interlaced area of the northern Loess Plateau, Four kinds of polyacrylamide (PAM), cationic hydroxypropyl polysaccharide (cationic hydroxypropyl quito sugarag C162), carboxymethyl cellulose (carboxymethyl) and hydroxypropyl polysaccharide (hydroxypropyl polysaccharide) were sprayed on the surface of sandy loess and aeolian sand. The indoor wind tunnel test was carried out to determine the wind erosion rate and surface solid layer hardness. The results showed that spraying PAMJag C162Cand HP-120 on the surface of sandy loess and eolian sand could significantly reduce the wind erosion rate of loose disturbed loess and eolian sand (P0.05). In general, under the same conditions, compared with the other three materials, PAM has the best effect on controlling wind erosion on sandy loess surface, while CMC has the best effect on preventing wind erosion of sandy loess surface. Spraying four kinds of chemical materials on the surface of sand loess and eolian sand can significantly increase the hardness of consolidation layer (except 0.4 g/m~2 Jag C162), and the hardness of sand surface is better than that of Jag C162CMC and HP-120, and the hardness of aeolian sand crust is better than that of Jag C162CMC and HP-120. When the application dose was controlled at 1.2 g / m ~ 2, it could almost resist the wind of 14 m / s, which lasted 20 min without wind erosion.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41471230、41601282) 陕西省自然科学基金项目(2016JQ4020) 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0402401) 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室专项经费项目(A314021403-C2)
【分类号】：S157

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