高铁项目水土流失特点及其防治措施体系研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 09:17

本文选题：高铁项目 + 水土流失特点　；参考：《华北水利水电大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自2016年6月29日国务院常务会议通过了《中长期铁路网规划(2016~2030)》,中国高速铁路网正式由“四纵四横”升级为“八纵八横”。规划要求实现中国铁路网里程达到20.4万km,其中高速铁路(以下简称高铁)网7.2万km,快速铁路网连接所有50万以上人口城市,高铁连接所有100万以上人口城市,城际高铁连接城市群内部城市。高铁不仅速度快、安全性好、乘坐舒适,而且对于加速沿线经济、旅游发展,促进产业结构调整都具有重要意义。但是,由于高铁项目在施工建设过程中大范围扰动地表和破坏植被,大量土石方挖填与调运,以及弃渣堆放极易产生严重的水土流失,若不及时采取有效的防治措施,将会对高铁沿线的生态环境造成严重影响,对沿线群众的生命、财产安全构成威胁。作者在分析国内外大量文献资料基础上,根据高铁项目布局与施工工艺,结合沿线地形地貌特征,分析归纳出高铁项目的水土流失特点为:(1)典型的人为加速侵蚀;(2)整体呈带状分布,且线性带状与点状分散并存;(3)类型多样,不同地形地貌类型之间水土流失原因和强度存在差异;(4)时段性强,分段分区之间差别大;(5)与普通铁路及其他生产建设项目造成的水土流失具有明显差异等,并探讨了产生水土流失的主要原因。本文根据水土流失特点和防治区划分原则,将高铁项目水土流失防治责任范围划分为路基工程区、站场工程区、桥梁工程区、隧道工程区、取土场区、弃渣场区、施工道路区和施工生产生活区等8个防治分区。据此进行了分区水土保持措施布设,给出了分区措施布置图,构建了高铁项目水土流失防治措施体系,并就水土流失防治重点和主要防治措施进行了深入分析与探讨。同时,以西南地区某高铁客运专线为例,就边坡防护措施、截排水措施、弃渣场拦挡措施,和表土剥离及其集中堆存、临时拦挡、苫盖、排水、沉沙等措施进行了较详尽典型设计,并给出可供参考应用的图件与相应说明。
[Abstract]:Since June 29, 2016, the Executive meeting of the State Council adopted the medium and long term Railway Network Plan (201630), China's high-speed railway network has been upgraded from "four vertical and four horizontal" to "eight vertical and eight horizontal". The plan requires that the mileage of China's railway network should reach 204000 km, of which the high-speed railway network (hereinafter referred to as high-speed rail) will be 72000 km, the rapid rail network will connect all cities with a population of more than 500000 and the high-speed rail network will connect all cities with a population of more than 1 million. Intercity high-speed rail links the inner cities of the urban agglomeration. High-speed rail is not only fast, safe and comfortable to ride, but also of great significance to accelerate economic development, tourism development and industrial structure adjustment along the route. However, due to the disturbance of the surface and the destruction of vegetation during the construction and construction of the high-speed railway project, a large number of earth and rock excavation and filling and transportation, as well as the dumping of slag, are prone to serious soil and water loss. If effective preventive measures are not taken in time, It will seriously affect the ecological environment along the high-speed railway, and threaten the lives and property safety of the people along the line. On the basis of analyzing a large number of documents and materials at home and abroad, according to the layout and construction technology of high-speed railway project, the author combines the topographic and geomorphological characteristics along the line. The characteristics of soil and water loss of the project are as follows: (1) typical accelerated anthropogenic erosion; (2) the overall distribution is zonal, and linear banding and dotted dispersion coexist; (3) there are various types. There are differences in the causes and intensity of soil and water loss among different topographic and geomorphological types; (4) strong time periods and great differences between subdivision and subdivision; (5) significant differences between soil and water loss caused by general railway and other production and construction projects, etc. The main causes of soil erosion are also discussed. According to the characteristics of soil and water loss and the principle of division of prevention and control area, this paper divides the responsibility range of soil erosion prevention and control of high-speed railway project into subgrade engineering area, station yard engineering area, bridge engineering area, tunnel engineering area, soil collection site area, slag disposal site area, etc. Construction road area and construction production living area and other 8 prevention zones. Based on this, the layout of soil and water conservation measures is carried out, the layout map of zoning measures is given, the system of soil erosion prevention and control measures for high iron projects is constructed, and the emphases and main measures of soil and water loss prevention and control are analyzed and discussed in depth. At the same time, taking a high-speed passenger dedicated line in the southwest of China as an example, the measures of slope protection, interception and drainage, as well as surface soil stripping and its centralized storage, temporary blocking, covering and drainage, The measures such as sediment sinking are designed in detail, and the drawings and corresponding instructions for reference and application are given.
【学位授予单位】：华北水利水电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157

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