不同马尾松群落类型的年凋落变化及松针分解过程研究
发布时间：2018-07-14 10:52
【摘要】：马尾松(Pinus massoniana)是我国南方的主要造林树种,它分布广、适应强、生长快,在林业建设中有着极其重要的地位。通过对不同马尾松群落类型的年凋落变化及松针分解过程的研究,可以更好地了解马尾松林生态系统养分循环过程,为科学经营马尾松林和维持立地的长期生产力提供有力支撑。本文采用长期定点监测的方法对三种不同密度的马尾松人工纯林的年凋落变化及松针分解过程、对三种不同群落类型的马尾松林松针分解过程以及对多因子调控状态下松针分解试验展开研究。在不同林分密度马尾松纯林中布置凋落物收集网和凋落物分解袋,连续收集凋落物一年并分析凋落物量的季节变化规律,连续回收凋落物分解袋18个月并分析其干重及养分含量变化;在不同林分组成马尾松群落中布置凋落物分解袋并连续收集一年,分析其干重及养分含量变化;设置4因子3水平正交试验对松针分解进行调控,分析其分解速率变化。应用Excel及SPSS等数据处理软件对凋落物量及养分含量等进行统计分析,研究结果表明:(1)中密度林分年凋落量最大,约为4.51t/hm2,明显大于低、高密度林分,差异显著(P0.05),低密度林分与高密度林分间差异不显著;各月凋落量存在明显差异,秋季凋落量最大;凋落物各组分中,松针所占比例最大,占70%以上;凋落松针中各养分浓度有明显的季节变化,最大季与最小季之间差异显著(P0.05);各养分年归还量在不同密度间的变化与年凋落物量变化一致,均是中密度最大、低、高密度较小且差别不大;各养分归还量存在明显的季节变化,均是秋季最大、夏季次之、冬春两季较小且差别不大,最大季与与最小季之间差异显著(P0.05)。(2)不同密度马尾松人工纯林松针前期分解极慢,这与前人研究结果有异,因为本研究布置分解袋时清除了林地表层凋落物及半分解层,切断了松针与微生物之间的联系,土壤微生物与松针之间需重新构建起生物联系,故分解一段时间后松针分解速率迅速增大;夏秋两季松针分解较快,经过18个月的分解,3种密度林分松针失重率分别为40.15%、47.85%和43.5%;马尾松人工纯林松针分解速率及分解周期均随密度的变化而发生改变,3种密度林分松针分解速率分别为0.342、0.434、0.381,两两之间差异显著,中密度(6号林)分解速度最快,说明在一定范围内,马尾松人工林密度的增大可加快凋落物的分解,但大到一定程度时,又会制约凋落物的分解,故在马尾松人工林的经营当中合理地规划林分密度能有效地加快其凋落物的分解,更好地促进林地的养分循环;3种密度林分松针分解的半衰期分别为2.0a、1.6a、1.8a,周转期分别为8.8a、6.9a、7.9a,半衰期与周转期均达显著性差异水平。(3)3种类型林分松针开始分解最快,其后逐渐减缓,经过1a的分解,3种类型失重率分别为45.70%、52.50%和48.10%,分解速率分别为0.611、0.744和0.656,两两之间差异显著,马尾松天然次生林分解最快,其次是马尾松-马褂木针阔混交林,马尾松人工纯林分解最慢,这与林分生物多样性有关,3种类型林分物种丰富度指数分别为4.12、4.34和3.69,以天然次生林最大,物种多样性越丰富,尤其是灌状阔叶树越丰富,林下土壤微生物种类及数量越多,凋落物分解越快,说明在马尾松人工纯林中适当补植灌状阔叶树,可在不改变当前经营方式的情况下,加快林地养分循环速度,提高马尾松林地生产力;3种类型林分松针分解半衰期分别为1.1a、0.9a、1.1a,周转期分别为4.9a、4.0a、4.6a,周转期达显著性差异水平。(4)松针分解过程中,各元素含量在不断地发生着变化,但两种不同层次的松针分解试验各养分元素的释放动态相似,C表现为直接释放模式,K、Ca、Mg等元素表现为淋溶-释放模式,N、P、Mn、Cu等元素则表现为富集-释放模式;Fe、Zn略有差异,不同密度试验中表现为富集-释放模式,而不同类型试验中则为淋溶-富集-释放模式,这与布置试验时间及林分组成差异有关,布置试验时间不同,气温及降雨量均有所差异,导致元素释放动态的不同,林分组成不同,则会导致微生物结构不同进而引起元素释放规律的差异。(5)在4种因子中,菌剂因子与有机物能显著影响松针的分解,表面活性剂及C/N则影响不显著,故菌剂与有机物为影响松针分解的主要因子,而表面活性剂及C/N则为次要因子;通过对各因子最优水平的选取,可知A3D2 B1C3即接种腐解剂2(复合菌)、添加鸡粪、不用表面活性剂处理、喷施葡萄糖—NH4Cl混合溶液是调控松针分解的最优处理组合。
[Abstract]:Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) is the main afforestation tree species in the south of China. It has a wide distribution, strong adaptability and fast growth. It has a very important position in the forestry construction. Through the study of the annual litter change and pine needle decomposition process of different types of Masson pine community, it can better understand the nutrient cycling process of the ecological system of the Pinus massoniana forest ecosystem. A long-term fixed-point monitoring method was used to study the annual litter change and pine needle decomposition process of three different densities of Pinus massoniana plantation, the pine needles decomposition process of three different community types and the pine needles under the condition of multi factor regulation. The litter collection net and litter decomposition bag were arranged in the pure forest of Pinus massoniana in different stand density. The litter was collected continuously for one year and the seasonal variation of litter volume was analyzed. The litter decomposition bag was continuously recovered for 18 months, and the dry weight and nutrient content of the litter were analyzed. The litter decomposition bag was collected for one year, and the changes of dry weight and nutrient content were analyzed. The decomposition of pine needles was regulated by 4 factor 3 level orthogonal test, and the change of decomposition rate was analyzed. The litter volume and nutrient content were analyzed with Excel and SPSS data processing software. The results showed: (1) middle density forest year The litter size was the largest, about 4.51t/hm2, obviously greater than low, high density stand, significant difference (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the low density stand and the high density stand. There was a significant difference between the low density stand and the high density stand, and the litterfall was the largest in the fall, and the pine needles accounted for the largest proportion of the litter in the litter, and the nutrient concentration in the pine needles had a distinct season. The difference between the maximum and the minimum seasons was significant (P0.05). The changes in the annual return of nutrients in different densities were the same as that of the annual litter, which were the largest, low, high density and little difference, and there were obvious seasonal variations of the nutrient return, which were the largest in autumn, in summer and in the two quarter of winter and spring. The difference between the maximum and the minimum seasons was significant (P0.05). (2) the decomposition of pine needles in the artificial pure forest of Pinus massoniana was very slow, which was different from those of previous studies, because the decomposition bag cleared the surface litter and the semi decomposition layer, cut off the relationship between the pine needles and the microbes, soil microbes and pine needles. The decomposition rate of pine needles increased rapidly after a period of decomposition, and the decomposition rate of pine needles in the two quarter of summer and autumn was faster. After 18 months of decomposition, the weight loss rates of pine needles were 40.15%, 47.85% and 43.5%, respectively, and the decomposition rate and decomposition period of pine needles in Pinus massoniana plantation were all changed with the change of density, 3 The decomposition rate of pine needles in the density stand is 0.342,0.434,0.381, the difference between 22 and the medium density (No. 6 forest) is the fastest. It shows that the increase of the density of Pinus massoniana plantation can accelerate the decomposition of the litter, but it will restrict the decomposition of the litter in a certain degree, so the management of the Pinus massoniana Plantation The rational planning of the stand density can effectively accelerate the decomposition of litter and promote the nutrient cycling of the woodland. The half-life of the 3 density stand is 2.0A, 1.6A, 1.8A, respectively 8.8a, 6.9a, 7.9a, half life and turnover period. (3) the 3 types of pine needles begin to decompose the fastest. Then gradually slow down, after 1A decomposition, the 3 types of weightlessness were 45.70%, 52.50% and 48.10% respectively, the decomposition rates were 0.611,0.744 and 0.656 respectively. The difference between the 22 and the natural secondary forests of Masson pine was the fastest, followed by Pinus massoniana, Liriodendron and broad-leaved mixed forest and the slowest decomposition of Pinus massoniana plantation. The 3 types of forest species richness index were 4.12,4.34 and 3.69 respectively, which were the largest in natural secondary forests. The more species diversity was, the more rich the shrub broad-leaved trees were, the more species and quantity of soil microbes and the faster the decomposition of litter, which indicated that the appropriate replanting of shrub broad-leaved trees in the pure forest of Masson Pine people could not change when they were planted. In the case of pre operation, the nutrient cycling speed of woodland was accelerated and the productivity of Pinus massoniana woodland was increased. The half-life of 3 types of pine needles was 1.1a, 0.9A, 1.1a respectively, and the turnover period was 4.9a, 4.0a, 4.6a, respectively. (4) in the process of pine needles, the contents of each element were constantly changing, but two kinds of different kinds were not. The release dynamics of nutrient elements in the same level of pine needle decomposition test were similar, C showed direct release mode, K, Ca, Mg and other elements showed leaching release mode, N, P, Mn, Cu and other elements showed enrichment release mode; Fe, Zn slightly different, the concentration release mode was shown in different density tests, and the different types of experiments were leaching rich. The set release mode is related to the difference in the time and the composition of the stand, the arrangement of the test time is different, the temperature and the rainfall are different, which lead to the difference in the dynamics of the element release and the difference in the composition of the stand, which will lead to the difference of the microorganism structure and the difference of the rule of the element release. (5) among the 4 factors, the microbial factor and the organic matter It can significantly affect the decomposition of pine needles, and the influence of surfactant and C/N is not significant. Therefore, bacteria and organic substances are the main factors affecting the decomposition of pine needles, while surface active agents and C/N are secondary factors. Through the selection of the optimal levels of each factor, A3D2 B1C3 is inoculated with decomposing agent 2 (compound bacteria), chicken manure is added, and surfactants are not treated with surfactants. Spraying glucose - NH4Cl mixed solution is the best combination to control pine needles decomposition.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714
本文编号：2121413
[Abstract]:Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) is the main afforestation tree species in the south of China. It has a wide distribution, strong adaptability and fast growth. It has a very important position in the forestry construction. Through the study of the annual litter change and pine needle decomposition process of different types of Masson pine community, it can better understand the nutrient cycling process of the ecological system of the Pinus massoniana forest ecosystem. A long-term fixed-point monitoring method was used to study the annual litter change and pine needle decomposition process of three different densities of Pinus massoniana plantation, the pine needles decomposition process of three different community types and the pine needles under the condition of multi factor regulation. The litter collection net and litter decomposition bag were arranged in the pure forest of Pinus massoniana in different stand density. The litter was collected continuously for one year and the seasonal variation of litter volume was analyzed. The litter decomposition bag was continuously recovered for 18 months, and the dry weight and nutrient content of the litter were analyzed. The litter decomposition bag was collected for one year, and the changes of dry weight and nutrient content were analyzed. The decomposition of pine needles was regulated by 4 factor 3 level orthogonal test, and the change of decomposition rate was analyzed. The litter volume and nutrient content were analyzed with Excel and SPSS data processing software. The results showed: (1) middle density forest year The litter size was the largest, about 4.51t/hm2, obviously greater than low, high density stand, significant difference (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the low density stand and the high density stand. There was a significant difference between the low density stand and the high density stand, and the litterfall was the largest in the fall, and the pine needles accounted for the largest proportion of the litter in the litter, and the nutrient concentration in the pine needles had a distinct season. The difference between the maximum and the minimum seasons was significant (P0.05). The changes in the annual return of nutrients in different densities were the same as that of the annual litter, which were the largest, low, high density and little difference, and there were obvious seasonal variations of the nutrient return, which were the largest in autumn, in summer and in the two quarter of winter and spring. The difference between the maximum and the minimum seasons was significant (P0.05). (2) the decomposition of pine needles in the artificial pure forest of Pinus massoniana was very slow, which was different from those of previous studies, because the decomposition bag cleared the surface litter and the semi decomposition layer, cut off the relationship between the pine needles and the microbes, soil microbes and pine needles. The decomposition rate of pine needles increased rapidly after a period of decomposition, and the decomposition rate of pine needles in the two quarter of summer and autumn was faster. After 18 months of decomposition, the weight loss rates of pine needles were 40.15%, 47.85% and 43.5%, respectively, and the decomposition rate and decomposition period of pine needles in Pinus massoniana plantation were all changed with the change of density, 3 The decomposition rate of pine needles in the density stand is 0.342,0.434,0.381, the difference between 22 and the medium density (No. 6 forest) is the fastest. It shows that the increase of the density of Pinus massoniana plantation can accelerate the decomposition of the litter, but it will restrict the decomposition of the litter in a certain degree, so the management of the Pinus massoniana Plantation The rational planning of the stand density can effectively accelerate the decomposition of litter and promote the nutrient cycling of the woodland. The half-life of the 3 density stand is 2.0A, 1.6A, 1.8A, respectively 8.8a, 6.9a, 7.9a, half life and turnover period. (3) the 3 types of pine needles begin to decompose the fastest. Then gradually slow down, after 1A decomposition, the 3 types of weightlessness were 45.70%, 52.50% and 48.10% respectively, the decomposition rates were 0.611,0.744 and 0.656 respectively. The difference between the 22 and the natural secondary forests of Masson pine was the fastest, followed by Pinus massoniana, Liriodendron and broad-leaved mixed forest and the slowest decomposition of Pinus massoniana plantation. The 3 types of forest species richness index were 4.12,4.34 and 3.69 respectively, which were the largest in natural secondary forests. The more species diversity was, the more rich the shrub broad-leaved trees were, the more species and quantity of soil microbes and the faster the decomposition of litter, which indicated that the appropriate replanting of shrub broad-leaved trees in the pure forest of Masson Pine people could not change when they were planted. In the case of pre operation, the nutrient cycling speed of woodland was accelerated and the productivity of Pinus massoniana woodland was increased. The half-life of 3 types of pine needles was 1.1a, 0.9A, 1.1a respectively, and the turnover period was 4.9a, 4.0a, 4.6a, respectively. (4) in the process of pine needles, the contents of each element were constantly changing, but two kinds of different kinds were not. The release dynamics of nutrient elements in the same level of pine needle decomposition test were similar, C showed direct release mode, K, Ca, Mg and other elements showed leaching release mode, N, P, Mn, Cu and other elements showed enrichment release mode; Fe, Zn slightly different, the concentration release mode was shown in different density tests, and the different types of experiments were leaching rich. The set release mode is related to the difference in the time and the composition of the stand, the arrangement of the test time is different, the temperature and the rainfall are different, which lead to the difference in the dynamics of the element release and the difference in the composition of the stand, which will lead to the difference of the microorganism structure and the difference of the rule of the element release. (5) among the 4 factors, the microbial factor and the organic matter It can significantly affect the decomposition of pine needles, and the influence of surfactant and C/N is not significant. Therefore, bacteria and organic substances are the main factors affecting the decomposition of pine needles, while surface active agents and C/N are secondary factors. Through the selection of the optimal levels of each factor, A3D2 B1C3 is inoculated with decomposing agent 2 (compound bacteria), chicken manure is added, and surfactants are not treated with surfactants. Spraying glucose - NH4Cl mixed solution is the best combination to control pine needles decomposition.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714
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