生物质炭对黑土中磷素迁移淋失的影响及作用机理

发布时间：2018-07-14 20:11

【摘要】：本文旨在探究生物质炭对黑土磷素迁移淋失的影响及作用机制,为利用生物质炭调控农业面源污染提供参考和依据。选择由玉米秸秆、稻壳、松木制备的生物质炭,在不同添加比例(0,0.6%,1.2%,3.6%,6%)条件下通过室内土柱模拟淋溶实验,进行了生物质炭对黑土淋溶液中总磷及各种形态磷含量、淋溶土柱中各土层的全磷含量、淋溶液的体积、累积淋溶体积影响的研究,并从生物质炭对磷的吸附-解吸作用、生物质炭与黏粒矿物混合物对磷的吸附-解吸作用及生物质炭的特性等方面揭示其影响机制。结果表明:松木生物质炭对减少淋溶体积的效果更好;累积淋溶体积与生物质炭添加量呈负相关关系,6%处理的累积淋溶体积显著低于其他处理。就种类来说,添加松木生物质炭的全磷累积淋失量最少;就添加比例来说,添加比例为1.2%时玉米秸秆生物质炭和松木生物质炭的全磷累积淋失量显著小于其他处理,稻壳生物质炭的添加比例为3.6%时,全磷累积淋失量较少。生物质炭对减少磷素垂直迁移的效果表现为:松木生物质炭玉米秸秆生物质炭稻壳生物质炭处理;1.2%0.6%3.6%6%处理。选择适宜种类和添加量的生物质炭可以有效地减少磷素在土壤中的纵向迁移和淋溶损失。随着生物质炭添加比例的增加,生物质炭土壤对磷的吸附量先增加后减少,添加比例为1.2%时,土壤对磷的吸附量最大。不同生物质炭的添加对黑土磷的吸附能力影响顺序为:松木生物质炭玉米秸秆生物质炭稻壳生物质炭。添加松木生物质炭的黑土吸附磷的实测最大量为0.697 mg·g~(-1)。随着加入磷溶液浓度的增加,添加生物质炭的黑土对磷的吸附量和解吸量也随之增加,但增加幅度逐渐变小。添加生物质炭的黑土对磷的等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir吸附方程。在不同生物质炭添加量下,生物质炭-粘土矿物混合体对磷的吸附量均随着平衡时溶液中磷素浓度的增加而增加。Langmuir方程可以更好地描述不同生物质炭种类及添加比例与粘土矿物的混合体对磷素的吸附过程。生物质炭-粘土矿物混合体与单一粘土矿物相比,均表现出稍强的吸附作用。对于粘土矿物种类来说,生物质炭-蒙脱石混合体对磷素的吸附能力最大,解吸能力最弱;其次为生物质炭-蛭石混合体;生物质炭-伊利石混合体对磷素的吸附作用最弱。对于生物质炭的种类来说,松木生物质炭-粘粒矿物混合体对磷素的吸附性要大于玉米秸秆生物质炭-粘土矿物混合体,稻壳生物质炭-粘土矿物混合体对磷素的吸附能力最小,而解吸能力则刚好相反;对于生物质炭的添加比例而言,三种生物质炭添加比例为1.2%时,生物质炭-粘土矿物混合体对磷素的吸附能力均最大,解吸率最低。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of biomass carbon on phosphorus transport and leaching in black soil and its mechanism, and to provide a reference and basis for regulating agricultural non-point source pollution by biomass carbon. The biomass charcoal prepared from corn straw, rice husk and pine was selected. Under the condition of different adding ratio (0%), the total phosphorus and various forms of phosphorus in black soil solution were studied by simulated leaching experiment with soil column in laboratory. The effects of total phosphorus content in each soil layer, volume of leaching solution and cumulative leaching volume of leaching soil column on phosphorus adsorption and desorption of biomass carbon were studied. The adsorption and desorption of phosphorus by the mixture of biomass carbon and clay minerals and the characteristics of biomass carbon reveal the mechanism of its influence. The results showed that the effect of pine biomass carbon on reducing the leaching volume was better, and the cumulative leaching volume was significantly lower in the treatment of 6% than that in the other treatments, and there was a negative correlation between the cumulative leaching volume and the amount of biomass carbon added. In terms of species, the total phosphorus accumulated leaching loss of pine biomass carbon was the least, and that of corn straw biomass carbon and pine biomass carbon was significantly lower than that of other treatments when the additive ratio was 1.2. When the addition ratio of rice husk biomass carbon was 3.6%, the total phosphorus accumulated leaching amount was less. The effect of biomass carbon on reducing vertical phosphorus migration was as follows: 1. 22. 6. 6. 6. 6. 6% biomass carbon and 3. 66% treatment of rice husk from pine wood, corn stalk, rice husk, biomass and rice husk. Selecting suitable species and adding biomass carbon can effectively reduce the longitudinal transport and leaching loss of phosphorus in soil. With the increase of the proportion of biomass carbon, the amount of phosphorus adsorbed by biomass carbon soil increased first and then decreased, and when the proportion was 1.2, the amount of phosphorus adsorbed by soil was the largest. The order of influence of different biomass carbon addition on the adsorption ability of phosphorus in black soil was as follows: pine wood biomass carbon corn straw biomass carbon rice husk biomass carbon. The maximum amount of phosphorus adsorbed by black soil added pine biomass carbon was 0.697 mg g ~ (-1). With the increase of phosphorus concentration, the amount of phosphorus adsorption and desorption of the black soil added with biomass carbon increased, but the increasing range became smaller. The isothermal adsorption curve of phosphorus in the black soil containing biomass carbon accords with Langmuir adsorption equation. Under different biomass carbon content, The amount of phosphorus adsorbed by the mixture of biomass carbon and clay minerals increased with the increase of phosphorus concentration in the solution. Langmuir equation can better describe the mixture of different biomass carbon species and the addition ratio with clay minerals. The adsorption process of phosphorus. Compared with the single clay mineral, the mixture of biomass carbon and clay mineral showed stronger adsorption. For the types of clay minerals, the adsorption ability of biomass carbon-montmorillonite was the largest and the desorption ability was the weakest; the second was the mixture of biomass carbon and vermiculite, and the mixture of biomass carbon and Illite had the weakest adsorption on phosphorus. For the biomass carbon species, the phosphate adsorbability of pine wood biomass carbon clay mineral mixture is higher than that of corn straw biomass carbon clay mineral mixture. The adsorption ability of rice husk biomass carbon and clay mineral was the least, but the desorption ability was the opposite. For the addition ratio of biomass carbon, when the ratio of three kinds of biomass carbon was 1.2, the adsorption ability of phosphorus was the lowest, but the desorption ability was just the opposite, when the ratio of three kinds of biomass carbon was 1.2, The mixture of biomass carbon and clay minerals had the highest adsorption capacity for phosphorus and the lowest desorption rate.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S153.6

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