微生物肥料对稻田土壤养分有效性、水稻养分吸收和产量的影响

发布时间：2018-07-14 20:57

【摘要】：我国的肥料利用率普遍偏低,损失严重,农业生产成本高,肥料的大量使用也带来了土壤变差等环境污染问题,同时严重影响粮食安全。为了保护土壤的同时提高稻米产量品质,本课题设计微生物肥料与化肥混合施用,在哈尔滨市吉祥农业种植稻花香大田试验,与生产实践相结合,设置不同微生物肥料与化肥配施比例(处理1:A0B0;处理2:A0B1;处理3:A0B2;处理4:A1B0;处理5:A1B1;处理6:A1B2;处理7:A2B0;处理8:A2B1;处理9:A2B2;处理10:A3B0;处理11:A3B1;处理12:A3B2;其中A表示双微肥,B表示土壤磷素活化剂),通过对水稻的分蘖盛期、抽穗期初期、抽穗期末期和成熟期的土壤进行速效养分分析、并在水稻这四个生育期对水稻植株进行养分测定,成熟期进行理论产量分析,通过对比研究,寻找微生物肥料与化肥的一种最优比例,以达到最好的肥料效果,结果如下:(1)微生物肥料确实能够显著提高土壤的肥力水平,处理A2B0效果最明显,土壤磷素活化剂对土壤碱解氮的影响不显著,但都高于对照。两种微生物肥料配施试验中处理A3B2的效果最好,在抽穗20天可提高土壤碱解氮含量约69.28%。双微肥试验中处理A2B0对土壤速效磷的供给和保持能力最强,土壤磷素活化剂能显著提高土壤速效磷的含量,约高于对照两倍左右。两种微生物肥料配施试验中,处理A3B2的效果最好。对土壤速效钾的影响,双微肥处理,随着肥料的增加,土壤速效钾的含量也随之增加。施用土壤磷素活化剂,并没有增加土壤速效钾的含量。两种微生物肥料配施中处理A3B1的效果最好。(2)微生物肥料可以增加水稻植株体内氮、磷、钾的含量。成熟期双微肥试验中处理A2B0对茎、叶、穗中氮含量增加效果最显著,处理A3B0对磷和钾的含量增加效果比较显著。土壤磷素活化剂试验对水稻氮、磷、钾含量有显著提高的是处理A0B2。两种微生物肥料配施对水稻氮、磷、钾含量有显著提高的是处理A1B2。(3)施用微生物肥料的处理成熟期穗的干物质重占总重的比例增加,说明施用微生物肥料可以促进干物质向穗转移,有利于水稻的增产。(4)施用微生物肥料能够促进水稻对氮、磷、钾的吸收积累进而影响营养元素在茎、叶、穗中的分配,有利于水稻产量的增加。(5)施用微生物肥料提高了水稻的产量,双微肥试验中处理A3B0最显著,高出对照13.15%,A2B0次之,高出对照12.21%。土壤磷素活化剂试验中处理A0B2增产最多,高出对照5.05%。两种微生物肥料配施试验处理A3B2显著高出对照18.80%。其次是处理A1B2显著高出对照16.04%。综上所述,施用微生物肥料有利于土壤保肥增肥,又有利于水稻增产,同时,研究结果为农业循环经济的可持续发展起到了一定的推动作用,包括理论与技术上的覆盖,进一步完善了其存在与发展的实际意义,符合我国追求可持续发展的基本国情。
[Abstract]:The fertilizer utilization rate is generally low in China, the loss is serious, the cost of agricultural production is high, and the extensive use of fertilizer also brings environmental pollution problems such as soil deterioration, and seriously affects the food security at the same time. In order to protect the soil and improve the rice yield and quality, this paper designed a mixed application of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer to plant rice flowers in Jixiang agricultural field in Harbin, which combined with the production practice. Set up different ratio of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (treatment 1: A0B0; treatment 2: A0B1; treatment 3: A0B2; treatment 4: A1B0; treatment 5: A1B1; treatment 6: A1B2; treatment 7: A2B0; treatment 8: A2B1; treatment 9: A2B2; treatment 10: A3B0; treatment 11: A3B1; treatment 12: A3B2; A means that soil phosphorus activation is indicated by double microfertilizer B Through the tillering period of rice, Soil available nutrients were analyzed at early heading stage, late heading stage and mature stage, and the nutrients of rice plants were measured at the four growth stages of rice, and theoretical yield analysis was carried out at maturity stage. The results are as follows: (1) microbial fertilizer can significantly improve soil fertility level, and the effect of A2B 0 treatment is the most obvious. The effect of soil phosphorus activator on soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was not significant, but higher than that of control. The treatment of A3B2 with two kinds of microbial fertilizer was the best, and the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content was increased about 69.28 at heading 20 days. In the experiment of double microelement fertilizer treatment A2B _ 0 had the strongest ability to supply and maintain available phosphorus in soil. Soil phosphorus activator could significantly increase the content of soil available phosphorus about twice as much as that of the control. The treatment of A _ 3 B _ 2 was the best in the experiment of two kinds of microbial fertilizer. The content of available potassium in soil increased with the increase of fertilizer. The application of soil phosphorus activator did not increase the content of soil available potassium. (2) microbial fertilizer could increase the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice plants. The effect of treatment A2B _ 0 on the increase of nitrogen content in stem, leaf and ear was the most significant, and that of treatment A _ 3B _ 0 on the content of phosphorus and potassium was more significant. Soil phosphorus activator test significantly increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice treated with A0B2. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice treated with two kinds of microbial fertilizers were significantly increased by treatment A1B _ 2. (3) the proportion of dry matter to total weight of ear in maturing stage was increased by applying microbial fertilizer. The results showed that the application of microbial fertilizer could promote the transfer of dry matter to the ear and increase the yield of rice. (4) the application of microbial fertilizer could promote the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice, and then affect the distribution of nutrient elements in stems, leaves and ears. (5) the application of microbial fertilizer increased the yield of rice, and the treatment of A3B0 was the most significant, higher than that of the control 13.15A2B0, and higher than that of the control 12.21. In the soil phosphorus activator test, the treatment of A0B2 increased the yield the most, which was higher than that of the control 5.05. The treatment of A3B2 with two kinds of microbial fertilizer was significantly higher than that of the control 18.80. The treatment of A1B2 was significantly higher than that of the control 16.04. To sum up, the application of microbial fertilizer is beneficial to maintaining soil fertilizer and increasing rice yield. At the same time, the research results play a certain role in promoting the sustainable development of agricultural circular economy, including theoretical and technical coverage. The practical significance of its existence and development is further improved, which is in line with the basic national conditions of pursuing sustainable development in China.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S511;S144

【参考文献】