不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土土壤理化性质和小麦生长的影响

发布时间：2018-07-20 09:49

【摘要】：【目的】盐分胁迫是滨海盐渍土上粮食产量提高的主要障碍因子之一。研究不同功能性改良物料对消除和减轻这一障碍因子的作用,为改良盐渍化土壤和提高作物产量提供理论依据。【方法】以小麦品种‘青麦6号’为供试材料,在滨海盐渍土上进行田间试验,设置7个处理为空白对照(CK)、含钙物料的磷石膏(PG)和脱硫石膏(FGD)、调酸物料的硫酸亚铁(FS)、含碳材料的牛粪(M)以及含碳和调酸物料的腐植酸(HA)和糠醛渣(FRs),分析比较不同改良剂对滨海盐渍化土壤理化性质以及对小麦生长发育的影响。【结果】施加改良剂降低了土壤表层(0—20 cm)的pH值,作为酸性材料的腐植酸、糠醛渣和硫酸亚铁效果明显,土壤的pH值较对照分别降低了0.10、0.11和0.11;施改良剂降低了土壤的交换性钠离子含量和钠的吸附比(sodium adsorption ratio,简称SAR),磷石膏和脱硫石膏提供充足的钙离子用于置换土壤中交换性钠离子,明显降低了不同土层中的交换性钠离子含量和SAR值,0—20 cm、20—40 cm和40—60 cm土层中,磷石膏和脱硫石膏对土壤交换性钠离子含量和SAR值的降低效果明显,其中施加磷石膏分别较对照降低了15.5%和18.3%(0—20 cm)、28.2%和28.6%(20—40 cm)、36.5%和36.5%(40—60 cm),施加脱硫石膏分别较对照降低了24.9%和27.9%(0—20 cm)、27.6%和26.3%(20—40 cm)、24.5%和25.0%(40—60 cm);施加改良剂增加了小麦成熟期的穗数,其中磷石膏、脱硫石膏和糠醛渣改良效果显著,分别较对照增加27.6%、24.5%和18.6%,并分别提高小麦的产量26.7%、17.8%和17.8%。【结论】酸性物料的糠醛渣、腐植酸和硫酸亚铁,可以明显降低土壤pH值和增加小麦苗期的茎蘖数量,综合考虑改良剂对土壤pH、Na~+含量、SAR值和小麦群体数量的影响,含碳的调酸物料的糠醛渣效果较好;含钙物料的磷石膏和脱硫石膏,可以显著降低土壤Na+含量以及SAR值,增加小麦成熟期穗数,提高小麦产量均具有显著的效果,磷石膏效果最佳。
[Abstract]:[objective] Salt stress is one of the main obstacle factors to increase grain yield in coastal saline soil. To study the effect of different functional improved materials on removing and reducing this obstacle factor, and to provide theoretical basis for improving salinized soil and increasing crop yield. [methods] the wheat variety 'Qingmai 6' was used as the test material. Field experiments were carried out on coastal saline soils, Seven treatments were used as blank control (CK), phosphogypsum (PG) and desulphurized gypsum (FGD) containing calcium, ferrous sulfate (FS) of acid adjusting material, cow dung (M) of carbon-containing material, humic acid (HA) and furfural residue (FRs) of carbon and acid regulating materials. The effects of the modifier on the physical and chemical properties of littoral salinized soil and on the growth and development of wheat were studied. [results] the pH value of soil surface layer (0-20 cm) was decreased by adding the modifier. As an acid material, humic acid, furfural residue and ferrous sulfate have obvious effect. The pH value of soil decreased by 0.10 ~ 0.11 and 0.11, respectively. The content of exchangeable sodium ion and the adsorption ratio of sodium to sodium were reduced by the application of modifier. The phosphogypsum and desulphurized gypsum provided sufficient calcium ions to replace the exchangeable sodium ions in the soil. The content of exchangeable sodium ions in different soil layers and the SAR values of 0-20 cm ~ 40 cm and 40 ~ 60 cm soil layer were obviously decreased. The effect of phosphogypsum and desulphurization gypsum on reducing soil exchangeable sodium ion content and SAR value was obvious. Phosphogypsum decreased by 15.5% and 18.3% (0-20 cm) and 28.6% (20-40 cm) and 36.5% (40-60 cm),) respectively compared with the control. The application of desulphurized gypsum by 40-60 cm), decreased 27.6% and 27.9% (0-20 cm) and 26.3% (20-40 cm) and 25.0% (40-60 cm);), respectively. The number of ears at maturity, The improvement effect of phosphogypsum, desulphurized gypsum and furfural slag was remarkable, which increased 27.66.5and 18.6than the control, respectively, and increased the wheat yield by 26.7% and 17.8% respectively. [conclusion] the furfural residue, humic acid and ferrous sulfate of acidic materials were increased by 17.8% and 17.8%, respectively. The pH value of soil and the number of tillers in seedling stage of wheat could be decreased obviously. Considering the effects of the modifier on the content of Na ~ + in soil and the number of wheat population, the effect of furfural residue containing carbon-adjusted acid material was better. Phosphogypsum and desulphurized gypsum containing calcium can significantly reduce soil Na content and SAR value, increase panicle number at maturity stage and increase wheat yield. The effect of phosphogypsum is the best.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学资源与环境学院;东营市垦利区农业局;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(31522050)资助
【分类号】：S156.42;S512.1

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