秸秆颗粒化还田加速腐解速率提高培肥效果

发布时间：2018-07-24 15:24

【摘要】：为了探索将玉米秸秆压缩成颗粒后还田培肥土壤的可行性,研创新型秸秆还田方式,采用尼龙网袋埋藏法,研究秸秆颗粒化还田与常规粉碎秸秆还田(对照)在盆栽培养条件下的腐解与养分释放特征,以及对土壤呼吸的影响。结果表明,相同质量的秸秆颗粒化后其堆积密度为对照的4.8倍,可显著改善其还田性,提高土壤消纳秸秆的能力。秸秆颗粒化后还田可显著提升秸秆的腐解速率,培养期内前60 d,秸秆颗粒平均腐解速率比对照提升31.68%;培养300 d后,其累积腐解率达80.81%,比对照高出8.7个百分点;估算可比对照提前30 d腐解超过50%,提前14 d完全腐解。秸秆颗粒化还田可显著提升秸秆养分释放速率,培养期前60 d尤为明显;培养300 d后,秸秆颗粒的碳(C,carbon)和氮(N,nitrogen)累积释放率比对照分别提高了11.0和13.2个百分点,但磷素(P,phosphorus)和钾(K,kalium)累积释放率与对照无显著差异(P0.05);估算C、N、P、K养分分别释放超过50%的时间比对照提前15~125 d,提前9 d释放全部养分。此外,秸秆颗粒化还田在培养期前260 d可显著提高土壤呼吸速率,培养期间平均土壤呼吸速率比对照提高18.03%。因此,秸秆颗粒化还田可实现高效快速的培肥土壤,在农业生产中具有较高的推广应用价值。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the feasibility of compressing corn straw into pellets and cultivating soil, an innovative method of returning corn straw to soil was studied, and the Nilon net bag burial method was used. The characteristics of decomposition and nutrient release of straw granulated and conventional pulverized straw in pot culture were studied, and the effects on soil respiration were also studied. The results showed that the accumulation density of straw granulated with the same quality was 4.8 times of that of the control, which could significantly improve the returning property of straw and the ability of soil to absorb straw. The average decomposition rate of straw particles increased 31.68% in the first 60 days of culture period, and the cumulative decomposition rate reached 80.81% after 300 days cultivation, which was 8.7 percentage points higher than that of the control. Compared with the control, the estimate was more than 50 days earlier than that of the control group 30 days earlier, and 14 days earlier than that of the control group. The nutrient release rate of straw was significantly increased by straw granulation, especially in the first 60 days of culture period, and the cumulative release rates of carbon and nitrogen increased by 11.0 and 13.2 percentage points, respectively, after 300 days of cultivation. However, there was no significant difference in the cumulative release rate of phosphorus and potassium between the two groups (P0.05), and it was estimated that the nutrient release time of more than 50% was 15125 days earlier than that of the control, and the total nutrient release was 9 days earlier than that of the control. In addition, straw granulation significantly increased soil respiration rate 260 days before the culture period, and the average soil respiration rate was 18.03 higher than that of the control during the culture period. Therefore, straw granulation can realize high efficiency and fast fertilization of soil, and has high value of popularization and application in agricultural production.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;
【基金】：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(IARRP-2014-12) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303130) 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41501314)
【分类号】：S141.4

【参考文献】