纳米银与石墨烯对土壤微生物及土壤酶的影响

发布时间：2018-07-25 06:30

【摘要】：采用室内暗培养试验分别探究了纳米银与石墨烯对土壤微生物及土壤酶的不同影响.将不同剂量的纳米银(0、10、100、150 mg·kg~(-1))与高纯石墨烯(0、10、100、1000 mg·kg~(-1))分别与等量棕壤充分混匀,然后进行暗培养.在第3、7、15、30和60 d时取样,测定土壤脲酶、土壤碱性磷酸酶、土壤脱氢酶和土壤过氧化氢酶的活性及土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,并在培养期间测定土壤呼吸速率及CO2累积量.结果表明,所有纳米银处理均抑制土壤的呼吸作用,并且剂量越高,抑制作用越明显;而石墨烯处理未对土壤呼吸产生显著影响.10 mg·kg~(-1)纳米银处理下,土壤真菌数量在整个培养期内均显著低于对照,土壤细菌在第60 d时也被显著抑制,但土壤放线菌数量无变化;与对照相比,100和150 mg·kg~(-1)的纳米银处理显著降低了土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量.10和100 mg·kg~(-1)的石墨烯处理下,土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量则均无显著变化.1000 mg·kg~(-1)的石墨烯显著增加了土壤中细菌与真菌的数量,却对土壤放线菌数量无影响.纳米银处理显著抑制土壤脲酶、脱氢酶活性,却对土壤过氧化氢酶与磷酸酶活性基本无影响.10和100 mg·kg~(-1)石墨烯处理对土壤脲酶有一定的促进作用,1000 mg·kg~(-1)石墨烯处理对土壤过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶有一定的促进作用,而不同剂量的石墨烯在培养后期均对碱性磷酸酶产生抑制作用.总体来说,纳米银在一定程度上对土壤酶及土壤微生物结构产生了负面影响,而石墨烯对土壤酶及土壤微生物结构的影响不明显.
[Abstract]:The effects of silver nanoparticles and graphene on soil microbes and soil enzymes were investigated by dark culture. Different doses of silver nanoparticles (010 100 150 mg kg ~ (-1) and high purity graphene (0 10 ~ 10 ~ 100 ~ (100) ~ (1 000 mg 路kg ~ (-1) were mixed with the same amount of brown soil, respectively, and then cultured in dark. The activities of soil urease, soil alkaline phosphatase, soil dehydrogenase and soil catalase, and the number of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were measured at the 3rd day, 1530th and 60th day, and the soil respiration rate and CO2 accumulation were measured. The results showed that all nano-silver treatments inhibited soil respiration, and the higher the dose was, the more obvious the inhibition was, while the graphene treatment had no significant effect on soil respiration. 10 mg kg ~ (-1) nano-silver treatment had no significant effect on soil respiration. The number of soil fungi was significantly lower than that of the control during the whole culture period, and the soil bacteria were inhibited significantly at the 60th day, but the soil actinomycetes did not change, and compared with the control, the soil bacteria and fungi were significantly decreased by 100 mg / kg and 150 mg / kg ~ (-1) silver treatment. Under the treatment of graphene of 100 mg kg ~ (-1) and 10 mg 路kg ~ (-1) of actinomycetes, the number of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes did not change significantly. The amount of graphene of 1000 mg kg ~ (-1) significantly increased the number of bacteria and fungi in soil, but had no effect on the number of soil actinomycetes. Nano-silver treatment significantly inhibited soil urease and dehydrogenase activity. However, there was no effect on catalase and phosphatase activity in soil. 10 and 100 mg kg ~ (-1) graphene treatment promoted soil urease to some extent. The treatment of 1000mg kg ~ (-1) graphene promoted soil catalase and dehydrogenase to some extent. Different doses of graphene inhibited alkaline phosphatase at the late stage of culture. In general, silver nanoparticles had a negative effect on soil enzyme and soil microbial structure to some extent, but graphene had no obvious effect on soil enzyme and soil microbial structure.
【作者单位】：山东农业大学资源与环境学院土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(No.21377074)~~
【分类号】：S154;X144

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