乙酰化葡萄糖对盐碱土理化性质及作物生长影响机制的研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 15:38

【摘要】：土壤盐碱化问题已经成为全球农业可持续发展的制约因素。本研究通过实验室模拟胁迫试验和大田试验两部分,探究新型盐碱地土壤改良剂乙酰化葡萄糖对盐碱土理化性质及作物生长的影响,为今后山西省盐碱地的改良提供理论依据。第一部分是实验室模拟碱胁迫实验,用添加不同剂量乙酰化葡萄糖的盐碱培养液对小麦品种“山农129”进行碱胁迫处理,测定小麦幼苗生态及生理指标,揭示乙酰化葡萄糖对碱胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的影响机制。结果表明,碱胁迫会严重抑制小麦幼苗的生长,幼苗株高与根长分别降低了28.5%和80.0%。乙酰化葡萄糖可以显著改善幼苗生长,提高幼苗光合作用,缓解幼苗质膜的氧化。加入乙酰化葡萄糖后小麦幼苗的株高和株重比对照增加了30.5%和13.4%,主根长与根干重分别是对照的2.55和1.72倍,幼苗根冠比降低64.6%；幼苗叶绿素a和叶绿素a/b比对照增加了14.6%和28.6%,而叶绿素b降低了11.0%；幼苗中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量比对照分别增加了14.4%和31.5%；幼苗丙二醛含量和质膜的相对电导率分别降低29.3%和29.1%,超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性比对照分别增强了54.9%和21.6%。第二部分对山西省怀仁和山阴县苏打盐碱地进行改良,添加不同剂量的改良剂,测定土壤的主要理化性质及玉米生态性状,探究新型盐碱地土壤改良剂乙酰化葡萄糖对盐碱土的改良效果及机制。结果表明土壤添加盐碱地改良剂后,土壤pH比对照下降0.78,土壤SAR、CO32-和HC03-与对照相比分别降低了62.5%和47.6%；土壤有机质和有效钾含量比对照分别增加36.7%和55.6%,土壤肥力得到显著提高；玉米成活率、株高、茎粗和叶绿素比对照增加43.9%、29.4 cm、16.3%和9.8%,玉米穗长、穗重、每穗结实数以及百粒重分别比对照增加4.6%、41.1%、49.9%和29.9%,玉米产量增加了51.9%。60kg/亩乙酰化葡萄糖可以有效改良盐碱地,60 kg/亩乙酰化葡萄糖与猪粪或牛粪混合改良盐碱地可以达到更好的效果。因此,新型盐碱地土壤改良剂乙酰化葡萄糖可以有效改良山西苏打盐型盐碱地,本研究为山西省盐碱地的改良提供重要理论依据。
[Abstract]:Soil salinization has become a restriction factor for the sustainable development of agriculture in the world. In this study, the effects of acetylated glucose on the physicochemical properties and crop growth of saline-alkali soil were investigated in laboratory simulation stress test and field experiment, which provided theoretical basis for the future improvement of saline-alkali soil in Shanxi Province. The first part is the laboratory simulation of alkali stress experiment. The wheat variety "Shannong 129" was treated with saline-alkali culture medium with different doses of acetylated glucose, and the ecological and physiological indexes of wheat seedling were measured. The effects of acetylated glucose on the growth of wheat seedlings under alkali stress were revealed. The results showed that the growth of wheat seedlings was seriously inhibited by alkali stress, and the seedling height and root length were decreased by 28.5% and 80.0%, respectively. Glucose acetylated can significantly improve seedling growth, increase photosynthesis and alleviate the oxidation of plasma membrane. After adding acetylated glucose, the plant height and plant weight of wheat seedlings increased by 30.5% and 13.4%, the main root length and root dry weight were 2.55 and 1.72 times of the control, respectively, and the root-shoot ratio of the seedlings decreased by 64.6%. The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a / b in seedlings increased by 14.6% and 28.6b, while chlorophyll b decreased by 11.0.The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in seedlings increased by 14.4% and 31.5%, respectively. The content of malondialdehyde and the relative conductivity of plasma membrane decreased by 29.3% and 29.1%, respectively, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased by 54.9% and 21.6%, respectively. In the second part, the soil was improved in Huairen County and Shanyin County, Shanxi Province, and the main physical and chemical properties of soil and the ecological characters of maize were determined by adding different dosage of improver. To explore the improvement effect and mechanism of a new soil improver, glucose acetylated, on saline-alkali soil. The results showed that the soil pH decreased 0.78, the soil SARCO32- and HC03- decreased by 62.5% and 47.6%, the contents of organic matter and available potassium increased by 36.7% and 55.6%, respectively. The survival rate, plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll content of maize were increased by 29.4 cm ~ (16. 3%) and 9.8%, respectively. The yield of corn increased by 49.9% and 29.9%, respectively, and the yield of corn increased 51.9%.60kg/ mu acetylated glucose, which could effectively improve the saline-alkali land with mixed glucose of 60 kg/ mu and pig manure or cow manure. Therefore, the new soil improver, glucose acetylated, can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil of soda type in Shanxi Province. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the improvement of saline-alkali soil in Shanxi Province.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.4

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