秸秆还田对植烟土壤养分及真菌群落多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-07-28 16:42

【摘要】：通过2009~2012年的秸秆还田定位试验,研究不同用量小麦及玉米秸秆还田对植烟土壤养分及真菌群落多样性的影响。研究结果表明:有机质及速效养分指标均随秸秆还田量的增加而增加,且等量玉米秸秆还田效果优于小麦秸秆。PCR-DGGE的检测结果显示秸秆还田能一定程度提高土壤真菌群落的多样性,其中真菌丰度和香浓多样性指数随着玉米秸秆还田量的增加而增加,而小麦秸秆在中量还田时(4500 kg hm~(-2))多样性最高,且等量玉米秸秆还田在提高真菌多样性的效果优于小麦秸秆。此外,秸秆还田各处理土壤的真菌群落结构相似性较高,真菌多样性相似系数均大于0.73。特异条带的测序显示,与对照相比,小麦秸秆1500 kg hm~(-2)还田处理中,隐囊菌属真菌(Apanoascus)及毛壳属真菌(Chaetomium)出现,玉米秸秆还田7500 kg hm~(-2)处理,两种特异性的真菌类群(Uncultured Eukaryote和Fungal sp.CRS567818T-1)出现。且土壤真菌多样性与土壤有机质、全钾及碱解氮呈显著正相关。可见,秸秆还田能够增加土壤养分含量,提高烟田土壤真菌群落多样性,这有助于烟草土传病害控制、烟田生态系统的健康维护及其可持续发展。
[Abstract]:The effects of wheat and corn straw application on soil nutrients and fungal community diversity of tobacco planting were studied in the experiment of returning straw to the field from 2009 to 2012. The results showed that the indexes of organic matter and available nutrients increased with the increase of straw return. The results showed that the yield of maize straw was better than that of wheat straw. PCR-DGGE showed that straw returning could improve the diversity of soil fungal community to some extent, and the fungal abundance and aroma diversity index increased with the increase of corn straw return. The diversity of wheat straw (4500 kg hm ~ (-2) was the highest when the medium amount of wheat straw was returned to the field, and the effect of the same amount of corn straw returning to the field was better than that of wheat straw in improving the fungal diversity. In addition, the similarity of fungal community structure was higher and the similarity coefficient of fungal diversity was higher than 0.73. The sequencing of specific bands showed that, compared with the control, two specific fungi groups, (Uncultured Eukaryote and Fungal sp.CRS567818T-1, were found in the treatment of wheat straw returning to the field with 1500 kg hm ~ (-2), (Apanoascus) and (Chaetomium), and 7500 kg hm ~ (-2) of corn straw. There was a significant positive correlation between soil fungal diversity and soil organic matter, total potassium and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. It can be seen that returning straw to soil can increase soil nutrient content and improve the diversity of soil fungal community in tobacco field, which is helpful to the control of tobacco soil-borne diseases, the healthy maintenance and sustainable development of tobacco ecosystem.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院烟草研究所农业部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室;中国农业科学院研究生院;山东中烟工业有限公司青州卷烟厂;山东潍坊烟草有限公司诸城市分公司;
【基金】：中国烟草总公司山东省公司科技项目(201002) 国家自然科学基金项目(41201291)资助
【分类号】：S572;S141.4

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