典型种养结合奶牛场粪便养分管理模式

发布时间：2018-07-29 10:11

【摘要】：规模化奶牛场粪便养分产生量大,因种养分离引发严重环境污染,亟需建立粪便综合养分管理模式,以实现奶牛粪便养分的合理施用。该文以典型种养结合模式"固液分离—堆肥+氧化塘—农田利用"的奶牛养殖场为案例,通过实地调研、粪便及土壤样品采样测定、以及文献参数收集等研究方法,制定了奶牛场粪便综合养分管理模式。主要结果为该存栏量2 978头的奶牛场粪便氮、磷年产生量为204和33 t/a,粪便经过收集和处理后,可供农田利用的氮磷养分为126和27 t/a。基于作物养分需求量和土壤供肥量,以及粪肥投入占总养分的比例为50%和粪肥养分的当季利用率为30%,据估算,1 473 hm~2奶牛场配套农田可施用的粪肥氮、磷养分总量分别为727.6和131.2 t/a。因此,奶牛场配套农田可有效承载粪便氮磷养分供给量。实施粪便综合养分管理模式,可充分利用粪便养分资源用于作物生长,减少粪便养分直接排放到环境,从而确保种养结合模式奶牛场长期可持续生产。
[Abstract]:Because of the serious environmental pollution caused by the separation of breeding and raising, it is urgent to establish a comprehensive manure nutrient management model in order to realize the rational application of fecal nutrients in dairy cattle. In this paper, a typical breeding and raising model, "solid liquid Separation, compost Oxidation Pond and farmland Utilization", was used as a case study. The methods of field investigation, stool and soil sample sampling, and document parameter collection were used. A comprehensive nutrient management model for dairies was established. The main results were as follows: the amount of manure nitrogen was 2 978, the annual phosphorus production was 204 t / a and 33 t / a. After collection and treatment, the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients available for farmland utilization were 126 and 27 t / a. Based on crop nutrient demand and soil fertilizer supply, the proportion of manure input to total nutrient was 50% and the seasonal utilization rate of manure nutrient was 300.The total amount of phosphorus nutrient was estimated to be 727.6 t / a and 131.2 t / a, respectively. Therefore, the farm can effectively carry the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient supply. The comprehensive nutrient management model can make full use of the fecal nutrient resources for crop growth and reduce the direct discharge of fecal nutrients to the environment so as to ensure the long-term sustainable production of dairy farms.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部畜牧环境设施设备质量监督检验测试中心(北京)农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室;
【基金】：公益性行业科研专项(201303091) 农业部948项目(畜禽粪便综合养分管理计划软件引进)
【分类号】：X713

【参考文献】