土地整治项目对耕地质量的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 09:53

【摘要】：我国是个人口大国,农业大国,近年来伴随经济的迅速发展、城镇化进程的加快,大量耕地被占用。我国面临人均耕地少,耕地质量偏低,耕地后备资源不足的严峻问题。耕地问题直接威胁到粮食安全问题,而我们生活水平和城市化水平的提高,对粮食的需求将持续增长,解决耕地问题迫在眉睫。土地整治是增加耕地面积和提高耕地质量的有效途径,研究土地整治项目对耕地质量的影响可以为土地整治规划设计、耕地资源合理利用、管理和保护耕地,保障粮食安全提供科学依据,具有重要意义。本文以上高县2012年的土地整治项目区为研究区。从耕地质量等别和耕地产能两方面来反映土地整治前后耕地质量的变化,分析土地整治项目对耕地质量变化的影响因子及各因子的影响程度。首先在上高县上轮耕地质量等级年度更新的成果基础上,利用层次分析法和特尔斐法相结合确定评价指标体系和指标权重。根据重新确定的评价指标及权重对研究区上轮耕地质量等级年度更新成果进行更新,更新结果作为整治前的耕地质量等级;利用k-means方法确定最大产量,更新最大“产量-成本”指数,重新计算土地利用系数和土地经济系数,利用农用地分等方法评价整治后耕地质量等别。然后根据上高县上轮耕地质量等级年度更新成果,及收集到的各产量数据,对应自然质量等指数、利用等指数,建立产能线性回归模型,获得研究区整治前后耕地产能核算结果。最后对比分析研究区整治前后耕地质量等级和产能的变化,利用因子分析法分析土地整治项目工程对耕地质量变化的影响因子的影响程度。取得的主要结果如下:(1)确定的评价指标在原来的基础上考虑了土地整治项目工程特征,增加了田块规整度和路网密度两个指标。早稻最大产量、最大“产量-成本”指数变化,分别是530千克/亩、1.191千克/元。重算后的土地利用系数、土地经济系数在原来的基础上基本不同程度地提升。整治前自然等别有11-14等,分别占总面积的5.47%、27.98%、61.29%、5.26%,整治后自然等别有12-14等别,分别占总面积的6.40%、61.62%、31.98%;整治前利用等别有7-12等,分别占总面积的1.78%、3.54%、41.25%、25.33%、21.60%、6.50%,整治后利用等有8~13等,分别占总面积的2.38%、7.92%、36.91%、18.01%、30.09%、4.69%;整治前经济等有4-9等,分别占总面积的4.97%、1.59%、3.48%、12.68%、57.11%、20.17%;整治后经济等有4~10等,分别占总面积的0.46%、4.51%、、4.21%、1.46%、9.94%、59.46%、19.96%。(2)产能核算研究区整治前的理论单产、可实现单产、实际单产分别是14718.04千克/公顷、12101.41千克/公顷、11351.13千克/公顷,整治后理论单产、可实现单产、实际单产分别是15394.29千克/公顷、12996.78千克/公顷、11591.55千克/公顷。整治前的理论产能、可实现产能、实际产能分别是1.60万吨、1.30万吨、1.23万吨,整治后的理论产能、可实现产能、实际产能分别是1.70万吨、1.42万吨、1.28万吨。(3)对比研究区土地整治前后耕地质量等别和产能的变化,耕地质量等别和耕地产能总体都提升,各片区单产水平的变化与各片区耕地质量等别的变化基本一致。土地整治项目工程对耕地质量变化的影响因子的影响程度大小排序依次为:灌溉保证率、排水条件、有机质含量、田块规整度、路网密度、地形坡度、土壤pH含量。
[Abstract]:China is a big country with a large population and a large agricultural country. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the accelerated process of urbanization, a large number of cultivated land is occupied. China is facing a serious problem of low per capita cultivated land, low quality of cultivated land and insufficient reserve resources of cultivated land. The problem of cultivated land is directly threatened by the problem of cultivated land, and the level of living and the urbanization level of our country The demand for grain will continue to increase, and it is urgent to solve the problem of cultivated land. Land renovation is an effective way to increase the area of cultivated land and improve the quality of cultivated land. The study of the influence of land regulation projects on the quality of cultivated land can be designed for the planning of land regulation, the rational use of cultivated land resources, management and protection of cultivated land, and the provision of food security. The land renovation project area of High County in 2012 is the research area. From two aspects of the quality of cultivated land and the productivity of cultivated land, it reflects the change of the quality of cultivated land before and after the land renovation, analyzes the influence factors of the land renovation project on the change of cultivated land quality and the influence degree of each factor. On the basis of the annual renewal of the cultivated land quality grade, the evaluation index system and index weight are determined by the combination of analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method. According to the redefined evaluation index and weight, the annual renewal results of the quality grade of the round arable land on the research area are updated, and the updated results are used as the quality grade of cultivated land before the renovation, and K is used. The -means method determines the maximum yield, updates the maximum yield cost index, re calculates the land use coefficient and the land economic coefficient, and uses the agricultural land classification method to evaluate the quality of the cultivated land after the renovation, and then according to the annual renewal results of the quality grade of the upper round cultivated land in Shanggao County, and the collected data of each yield, corresponding to the natural quality, etc. Index, using the equal index, establish the linear regression model of productivity, obtain the results of farmland productivity accounting before and after the study area. Finally, compare and analyze the changes of the quality grade and productivity of cultivated land before and after the renovation of the study area, and analyze the influence degree of the influence factors on the change of the tillage geology by the factor analysis method. The results are as follows: (1) on the basis of the original evaluation index, the characteristics of the land regulation project are taken into consideration, and two indexes are increased, the maximum yield and the maximum yield cost index of early rice are 530 kg / mu, 1 thousand and 191 g / yuan respectively. The land use coefficient and the land economic coefficient after the recalculation On the basis of the original basis, basically different degrees of promotion. Before the renovation, there are 11-14 classes of nature, accounting for 5.47%, 27.98%, 61.29%, 5.26% of the total area respectively. After the renovation, there are 12-14 classes, respectively, 6.40%, 61.62%, 31.98%, respectively, and 7-12, respectively, accounting for 1.78%, 3.54%, 41.25%, 25.33%, etc. After renovation, the total area was 2.38%, 7.92%, 36.91%, 18.01%, 30.09%, 4.69%, respectively, and 4-9 of the economy before the renovation, which accounted for 4.97%, 1.59%, 3.48%, 12.68%, 57.11%, 20.17%, respectively, and the total area was 4~10, respectively. The single production can be realized before the treatment. The actual yield is 14718.04 kg / ha, 12101.41 kg / HA and 11351.13 kg / hectare. The single production can be realized after the renovation. The actual yield is 15394.29 kg / ha, 12996.78 kg / HA and 11591.55 kg / ha. The theoretical productivity before the renovation can be realized, and the production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized, actual production capacity can be realized, actual production capacity can be realized in practice Production capacity is 16 thousand tons, 13 thousand tons, 12 thousand and 300 tons, after the renovation of the theoretical capacity, can achieve production capacity, the actual capacity is 17 thousand tons, 14 thousand and 200 tons, 12 thousand and 800 tons. (3) compared to the study area before and after the land improvement of farmland quality and other quality and productivity changes, the quality of cultivated land and cultivated land overall increase, the level of production level changes in each area and the change of the level of production level changes in the region and the changes in the production level of the region and the changes in the level of production level changes in the level of production zones and the changes in the level of production level changes and single production level changes and The changes in the quality of cultivated land in each area are basically the same. The order of the influence degree of the influence factors on the change of cultivated land quality is the following order: irrigation guarantee rate, drainage condition, organic matter content, field regularity, road network density, terrain slope, and soil pH content.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158;F323.211

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