变量施肥液压驱动控制系统的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 08:48

【摘要】：精准农业作为当今农业发展的重要支撑项目，由3S技术（遥感技术RS、地理信息系统GIS、全球定位系统GPS）作为支持，采集地块的地理信息，了解土壤所需化肥含量，依据专家决策系统，完成农业生产上的要求。在精准农业技术中，变量施肥技术是其重要的组成部分。变量施肥主要有两种方式，一种是根据实时监测土壤信息反馈给控制系统，来对地块施肥进行变量调节，另一种是由GPS采集地块地理位置信息，由处方图提供地块施肥信息，控制施肥装置进行施肥。变量施肥不仅可以提高土壤利用率，有效的保证化肥的正常使用，不会造成土地退化等严重后果，还能为农民节省投入，增加农作物产量，保证农民收入，防止由于滥用化肥造成的水源富养化和环境污染等问题。本文是对变量施肥液压驱动控制系统进行设计以及深入的研究。比较现有的几种变量施肥驱动控制系统的优缺点，针对适合我国农业工作施肥机械特点，提出变量施肥液压驱动控制系统设计方案。总结几种不同驱动控制系统方法，进行变量施肥液压驱动控制系统的硬件研究，其中包括步进电机、驱动器、控制器分析及研究，对外槽轮式排肥器进行了分析，触摸屏计算机选用和GPS接收机系统的介绍，对关键部件液压增扭器进行了重点阐述，包括液压增扭器参数计算及选用标准等等。建立控制系统数学方程，试验系统的完整性以及可行性，建立数学模型进行分析。最后，对系统进行调试，由黑龙江八一农垦大学液压试验室提供试验地点，验证了设计系统是否运转正常，运转电压以及液压试验台电机转速，，流量与液压油压力之间的关系，验证变量施肥驱动控制系统的合理性与可行性，便于以后变量施肥田间试验，最后得出结论，可以满足农业变量施肥要求。
[Abstract]:Precision agriculture, as an important supporting project of agricultural development today, is supported by 3s technology (RS, GIS, GPS) to collect geographic information of plots and to understand the chemical fertilizer content required by soil. According to the expert decision system, complete the agricultural production requirements. Variable rate fertilization is an important part of precision agriculture technology. There are two main ways of variable fertilization. One is to feed back to the control system according to the real-time monitoring soil information, the other is to collect the geographic location information of the plot by GPS, and to provide the plot fertilization information by the prescription map. Control fertilization device for fertilization. Variable rate fertilization can not only improve the soil utilization rate, effectively ensure the normal use of chemical fertilizer and avoid serious consequences such as land degradation, but also save farmers' input, increase crop yields, and ensure farmers' income. To prevent the abuse of chemical fertilizer caused by the water eutrophication and environmental pollution and other problems. In this paper, the variable rate fertilization hydraulic drive control system is designed and studied. This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of variable rate fertilization drive control systems, and puts forward the design scheme of variable rate fertilization hydraulic drive control system according to the characteristics of fertilization machinery suitable for agricultural work in China. This paper summarizes several kinds of drive and control system methods, and studies the hardware of variable rate fertilization hydraulic drive control system, including stepper motor, driver, controller analysis and research, and external grooved wheel fertiliser. The selection of touch-screen computer and the introduction of GPS receiver system are introduced. The key components of hydraulic torsion augmentation device are described emphatically, including the parameter calculation and selection standard of hydraulic torsion augmentation device, and so on. The mathematical equation of the control system is established, the integrity and feasibility of the test system are established, and the mathematical model is established for analysis. Finally, the system was debugged and the test site was provided by the hydraulic laboratory of Bayi Nongken University in Heilongjiang, which verified whether the design system was running normally, running voltage, and the relationship between motor speed, flow rate and hydraulic oil pressure on the hydraulic test-bed. The rationality and feasibility of the variable rate fertilization driving control system are verified, which is convenient for the field experiment of variable rate fertilization in the future. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that it can meet the requirements of variable rate fertilization in agriculture.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S224.22

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