玉米芯强化生物反应器对养殖废水脱氮效果及机理研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 20:10
【摘要】：本文针对我国循环养殖废水氮污染较为严重现象,基于生物硝化反硝化脱氮原理,开展了以农业废弃物玉米芯同时作为微生物载体和碳源的新型反应器脱氮效果及机理研究。主要研究结果如下:(1)5种典型循环水养殖系统水质监测结果表明:循环养殖废水中氮的存在形式主要为硝酸氮,约占总氮含量的77%以上,最高时达90%;其次为氨氮,约占总氮含量的2~4%,亚硝氮含量最少。(2)实验室条件下,人工强化玉米芯表面挂膜方式不仅操作简便、启动时间短,同时具有良好脱氮效果,可有效去除养殖废水中的氮,氨氮可由最初的(8.00±2.22)mg·L~(-1)降至3.50 mg·L~(-1),硝酸盐可从(31.50±1.57)mg·L~(-1)降至0.50 mg·L~(-1),较好地实现了高溶氧养殖废水的同步硝化反硝化作用,总氮去除率达85%以上。(3)高通量分析测序结果表明:随时间变化,以玉米芯为载体和碳源的生物膜,优势种有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)及绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),其中硝化细菌菌属主要由亚硝酸螺菌属(Nitrosospira)、亚硝酸单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)、亚硝酸球菌属(Nitrosococcus)组成。反硝化菌主要由产碱菌属(Alcaligenes)、副球菌属(Paracoccus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillusdenitrificans)组成。且随时间延长,微生物种类和数量均有所减少。(4)微生物表观附着结果显示:玉米芯表面粗糙、孔隙度大,利于微生物菌群的附着生长。挂膜后玉米芯表面明显有菌膜生长,且生物膜上微生物主要以球菌为主。微生物空间分布结果表明:随载体深度的增加,微生物种类和数量呈下降趋势;随时间延长,同一层次微生物种类和数量也呈下降趋势,尤其中后期微生物附着情况明显下降。(5)从载体内部物质变化角度分析得知:玉米芯挂膜成功后,生物膜表面DO为2.82 mg·L~(-1),且随膜深度的增加,DO呈缓慢下降趋势,其生物膜内层溶解氧含量降至0.23 mg·L~(-1),整个变化过程中呈倒置 S‖型曲线。随着深度增加,DO浓度也由好氧状态逐渐降至厌氧状态;生物膜内部N2O随生物膜深度深入,变化稳定,几乎无累积现象。同时也间接得知此生物膜厚度约为2300μm。(6)新型反应器在实践基地的应用效果表明:本次设计的废水处理装置能够有效实现废水脱氮功能,周年运行期间,硝酸盐平均去除率在80%以上,最高达84.75%,最低时也有81.90%;总氮平均去除率也高达78%以上,最高达80.75%,最低也达78.25%,整体脱氮效果较好,可大规模推广应用到水产养殖水体净化领域。
[Abstract]:Based on the principle of biological nitrification and denitrification, the nitrogen removal effect and mechanism of a new reactor with agricultural waste corncob as microorganism carrier and carbon source were studied in view of the serious nitrogen pollution in recycling culture wastewater in China. The main results are as follows: (1) the results of monitoring the water quality of five typical circulating water culture systems show that the main form of nitrogen in the wastewater is nitrate nitrogen, which accounts for more than 77% of the total nitrogen content, the highest is 90%, the next is ammonia nitrogen. About 2% of the total nitrogen content, nitrite nitrogen content is the least. (2) under the laboratory condition, the artificial strengthening corncob surface hanging film way is not only simple to operate, the start-up time is short, at the same time has the good nitrogen removal effect, can effectively remove the nitrogen in the culture waste water, Ammonia nitrogen can be reduced from (8.00 卤2.22) mg L ~ (-1) to 3.50 mg L ~ (-1), nitrate can be reduced from (31.50 卤1.57) mg L ~ (-1) to 0.50 mg L ~ (-1). The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification of high dissolved oxygen culture wastewater is well realized, and the removal rate of total nitrogen reaches more than 85%. Using corncob as carrier and carbon source biofilm, the dominant species were Proteus, (Proteobacteria), (Bacteroidetes), (Firmicutes) and (Chloroflexi),. The genus of nitrifying bacteria was mainly composed of Helicobacter nitrite, (Nitrosospira), (Nitrosomonas), (Nitrosomonas), and (Nitrosococcus). Denitrifying bacteria are mainly composed of (Alcaligenes), (Paracoccus), pseudomonas, (Pseudomonas), (Thiobacillusdenitrificans). And with the extension of time, the species and number of microbes decreased. (4) the results of microorganism apparent attachment showed that the surface of corncob was rough and the porosity was large, which was conducive to the growth of microbial flora. The surface of corncob obviously grew on the surface of corncob, and the microorganism on the biofilm was mainly cocci. The results of microorganism spatial distribution showed that the species and quantity of microorganism decreased with the increase of carrier depth, and decreased with the increase of time. Especially in the middle and late stage, the microorganism adhesion was obviously decreased. (5) from the point of view of material change inside the carrier, the results showed that the do on the biofilm surface was 2.82 mg L ~ (-1) after the corncob was successfully suspended, and the do decreased slowly with the increase of the film depth. The dissolved oxygen content in the inner layer of the biofilm decreased to 0.23 mg / L ~ (-1). With the depth increasing, the concentration of do also decreased gradually from aerobic to anaerobic, and N2O in biofilm changed steadily with the depth of biofilm, almost no accumulation phenomenon. At the same time, the biofilm thickness is about 2300 渭 m. (6) the application effect of the new reactor in the practical base shows that the wastewater treatment device designed in this paper can effectively realize the denitrification function of wastewater, and during the annual operation period, The average removal rate of nitrate is above 80%, the highest is 84.7575, and the lowest is 81.90. The average removal rate of total nitrogen is over 78%, the highest is 80.7575 and the lowest is 78.255.The overall nitrogen removal effect is better, and can be applied to the field of aquiculture water purification on a large scale.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X714
[Abstract]:Based on the principle of biological nitrification and denitrification, the nitrogen removal effect and mechanism of a new reactor with agricultural waste corncob as microorganism carrier and carbon source were studied in view of the serious nitrogen pollution in recycling culture wastewater in China. The main results are as follows: (1) the results of monitoring the water quality of five typical circulating water culture systems show that the main form of nitrogen in the wastewater is nitrate nitrogen, which accounts for more than 77% of the total nitrogen content, the highest is 90%, the next is ammonia nitrogen. About 2% of the total nitrogen content, nitrite nitrogen content is the least. (2) under the laboratory condition, the artificial strengthening corncob surface hanging film way is not only simple to operate, the start-up time is short, at the same time has the good nitrogen removal effect, can effectively remove the nitrogen in the culture waste water, Ammonia nitrogen can be reduced from (8.00 卤2.22) mg L ~ (-1) to 3.50 mg L ~ (-1), nitrate can be reduced from (31.50 卤1.57) mg L ~ (-1) to 0.50 mg L ~ (-1). The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification of high dissolved oxygen culture wastewater is well realized, and the removal rate of total nitrogen reaches more than 85%. Using corncob as carrier and carbon source biofilm, the dominant species were Proteus, (Proteobacteria), (Bacteroidetes), (Firmicutes) and (Chloroflexi),. The genus of nitrifying bacteria was mainly composed of Helicobacter nitrite, (Nitrosospira), (Nitrosomonas), (Nitrosomonas), and (Nitrosococcus). Denitrifying bacteria are mainly composed of (Alcaligenes), (Paracoccus), pseudomonas, (Pseudomonas), (Thiobacillusdenitrificans). And with the extension of time, the species and number of microbes decreased. (4) the results of microorganism apparent attachment showed that the surface of corncob was rough and the porosity was large, which was conducive to the growth of microbial flora. The surface of corncob obviously grew on the surface of corncob, and the microorganism on the biofilm was mainly cocci. The results of microorganism spatial distribution showed that the species and quantity of microorganism decreased with the increase of carrier depth, and decreased with the increase of time. Especially in the middle and late stage, the microorganism adhesion was obviously decreased. (5) from the point of view of material change inside the carrier, the results showed that the do on the biofilm surface was 2.82 mg L ~ (-1) after the corncob was successfully suspended, and the do decreased slowly with the increase of the film depth. The dissolved oxygen content in the inner layer of the biofilm decreased to 0.23 mg / L ~ (-1). With the depth increasing, the concentration of do also decreased gradually from aerobic to anaerobic, and N2O in biofilm changed steadily with the depth of biofilm, almost no accumulation phenomenon. At the same time, the biofilm thickness is about 2300 渭 m. (6) the application effect of the new reactor in the practical base shows that the wastewater treatment device designed in this paper can effectively realize the denitrification function of wastewater, and during the annual operation period, The average removal rate of nitrate is above 80%, the highest is 84.7575, and the lowest is 81.90. The average removal rate of total nitrogen is over 78%, the highest is 80.7575 and the lowest is 78.255.The overall nitrogen removal effect is better, and can be applied to the field of aquiculture water purification on a large scale.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X714
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