麦棉两熟周年秸秆还田替代化学钾肥施入影响棉仁含油量的生理生化基础
发布时间：2018-08-02 21:19
【摘要】：从我国钾肥资源匮乏及转基因抗虫棉易缺钾而秸秆施入可部分替代化学钾肥施入的实际情况出发,为研究棉田化学钾肥的秸秆替代施入对棉仁含油量的影响及其生理生化基础。本试验于2012-2013年在不同肥力土壤类型上设置麦(转基因抗虫)棉两熟周年秸秆还田与施钾量定位实验,进行麦棉两熟周年秸秆还田定位试验,研究:(1)基于棉籽产量的麦棉两熟周年秸秆还田替代钾肥效应;(2)棉仁油分累积对麦棉两熟周年秸秆还田替代化学钾肥的响应;(3)棉仁碳氮代谢对麦棉两熟周年秸秆还田替代化学钾肥的响应。主要研究结果如下:1.短期麦棉两熟周年秸秆还田根据还田年限、还田量以及土壤肥力的差异而不同程度地替代化学钾肥施用在合理施用氮磷肥基础上,秸秆还田显著提高棉籽产量。不同肥力土壤秸秆还田替代钾肥能力存在处理间、年际间差异。南京试点(基础土壤速效钾含量达155 mg·kg-1),2012年仅小麦秸秆还田量4500 kg·hm-2处理即能起到基本完全替代化学钾肥施用;至2013年小麦秸秆还田量4500-9000 kg·hm-2其对应的钾肥替代率为36.5%-87.8%,此时配施棉花秸秆量9000 kg·hm-2增加6.3%-32.0%的钾肥替代率。大丰试点(基础土壤速效钾含量达316 mg·kg-1),2012年无须额外施用钾肥即能保证棉籽产量;2013年除小麦秸秆还田量4500 kg·hm-2、棉花秸秆还田量3750 kg·hm-2(W1C1)(钾肥替代率为71.7%)处理,其它小麦秸秆还田量4500 kg·hm-2处理均能完全替代化学钾肥施用。2.从棉仁油分累积角度来看,秸秆替代化学钾肥施入条件下,花后17d、24d的棉仁钾含量是影响棉仁含油量的关键时期,PPase较G6PDH、PEPc对棉仁油分的影响更为关键。在适宜氮肥(300kgN·hm-2)、磷肥(150kgP2O5·hm-2)水平下,随着秸秆还田与施钾逐年进行,土壤速效氮、有效磷年际间差异均不显著,但土壤速效钾含量年际间存在显著差异;花后17d、24d是不同处理条件下棉仁含油量差异形成的关键时期;相较于6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G6PDH)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPc),花后17d、24d的磷脂酸磷酸酯酶(PPase)的活性对棉仁油分的通径系数更大,表明PPase较G6PDH、PEPc对棉仁油分的影响更为关键。3.从碳源供给与竞争角度来看,秸秆替钾肥施入增加棉仁发育前期蔗糖、可溶性糖输入,提高蔗糖合成酶与转化酶活性,但会降低棉仁蛋白质含量。短期秸秆还田与施钾处理下,花后17d的可溶性糖含量、蔗糖含量显著增加;生育期内的蔗糖转化率、可溶性糖转化率亦明显升高。除磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)外卜,平均蔗糖合成酶(SuSy)、转化酶(酸性、碱性)活性与蔗糖转化率、可溶性糖转化率呈显著正相关。秸秆还田与施钾降低棉仁发育过程中的蛋白质含量,但提高了GS/GOGAT的酶活峰值。油分的钾胁迫系数绝对值大于蛋白质,说明油分较蛋白质对低钾胁迫更敏感。
[Abstract]:Based on the actual situation that potash fertilizer resource is scarce and transgenic worst-resistant cotton is easy to lack potassium and straw application can partly replace chemical potassium fertilizer application, the effect of straw substitution of chemical potash fertilizer on oil content of cotton kernel and its physiological and biochemical basis are studied. In this experiment, the wheat (transgenic insect-resistant) cotton double cropping annual straw returning and potassium application location experiment were set up in different fertility soil types from 2012 to 2013, and the wheat and cotton double cropping annual straw returning field location experiment was carried out. The results are as follows: (1) the effect of returning wheat and cotton straw to replace potassium fertilizer based on cotton seed yield; (2) the response of seed oil accumulation to chemical potassium fertilizer; (3) the effect of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of cotton kernel on returning wheat and cotton annual straw to wheat and cotton annual crop; (2) the response of seed oil accumulation to chemical potassium fertilizer in field; (3) the effect of cotton kernel carbon and nitrogen metabolism on wheat and cotton annual straw returning. The response of field to chemical potassium fertilizer. The main results are as follows: 1. According to the difference of returning years, amount of return and soil fertility, the application of chemical potassium fertilizer was replaced by chemical potassium fertilizer in different degrees. On the basis of rational application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, straw returning to the field could significantly increase the yield of cottonseed. The ability of returning soil straw to replace potassium fertilizer in different fertility soils was different from year to year. In Nanjing experiment (the content of available potassium in basic soil reached 155mg kg-1), only 4500 kg hm-2 of wheat straw returned to the field in 2012 was able to completely replace chemical potassium fertilizer. By 2013, the wheat straw returning amount 4500-9000 kg hm-2 had the corresponding potassium replacement rate of 36.5% and 87.8%, and the replacement rate of potassium fertilizer increased by 6.3- 32.0% with the cotton straw amount of 9000 kg hm-2. In Dafeng experiment (the content of available potassium in basic soil was 316mg / kg-1), cotton seed yield could be guaranteed without additional potassium fertilizer in 2012, and the yield of cotton straw was 3750 kg hm-2 (W1C1) (the substitution rate of potassium fertilizer was 71.7%) in 2013, except wheat straw returning 4500 kg hm-2 and cotton straw returning 3750 kg hm-2 (W1C1) in 2013. Other wheat straw 4500 kg hm-2 treatment can completely replace chemical potassium fertilizer. 2. From the point of view of oil accumulation of cotton kernel, the potassium content of cotton kernel at 17 days after anthesis was more critical than that of G6PDH- PEPc when straw was applied instead of chemical potash fertilizer, and the content of potassium in cotton kernel was more critical than that of G6PDH- PEPc at 17 days after anthesis. Under the suitable nitrogen fertilizer (300kgN hm-2) and phosphorus fertilizer (150kgP2O5 hm-2) levels, with the straw returning to the field and applying potassium year by year, there were no significant differences between available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil, but there were significant differences in soil available potassium content among different years. At 17 days after anthesis, 24 days was the key period for the formation of oil content difference of cotton kernel under different treatment conditions. Compared with 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the activity of phosphatidylphosphatase (PPase) of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc),) at 24 days after anthesis was higher than that of 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase (G6PDH), which indicated that the effect of PPase on the oil content of cotton kernel was more important than that of G6PDHPc. From the point of view of carbon supply and competition, straw applied potash fertilizer increased sucrose and soluble sugar input, increased the activity of sucrose synthase and invertase, but decreased the protein content of cotton kernel. The content of soluble sugar and sucrose increased significantly at 17 days after anthesis, and the conversion rate of sucrose and the conversion rate of soluble sugar also increased significantly during the growth period. Except for sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), the activity of average sucrose synthase (SuSy), invertase (acidic, alkaline) was positively correlated with the conversion of sucrose and soluble sugar. The application of potassium and straw reduced the protein content during the development of cotton kernel, but increased the peak of GS/GOGAT activity. The absolute value of potassium stress coefficient of oil is higher than that of protein, which indicates that oil is more sensitive to low potassium stress than protein.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S562;S141.4
本文编号：2160757
[Abstract]:Based on the actual situation that potash fertilizer resource is scarce and transgenic worst-resistant cotton is easy to lack potassium and straw application can partly replace chemical potassium fertilizer application, the effect of straw substitution of chemical potash fertilizer on oil content of cotton kernel and its physiological and biochemical basis are studied. In this experiment, the wheat (transgenic insect-resistant) cotton double cropping annual straw returning and potassium application location experiment were set up in different fertility soil types from 2012 to 2013, and the wheat and cotton double cropping annual straw returning field location experiment was carried out. The results are as follows: (1) the effect of returning wheat and cotton straw to replace potassium fertilizer based on cotton seed yield; (2) the response of seed oil accumulation to chemical potassium fertilizer; (3) the effect of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of cotton kernel on returning wheat and cotton annual straw to wheat and cotton annual crop; (2) the response of seed oil accumulation to chemical potassium fertilizer in field; (3) the effect of cotton kernel carbon and nitrogen metabolism on wheat and cotton annual straw returning. The response of field to chemical potassium fertilizer. The main results are as follows: 1. According to the difference of returning years, amount of return and soil fertility, the application of chemical potassium fertilizer was replaced by chemical potassium fertilizer in different degrees. On the basis of rational application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, straw returning to the field could significantly increase the yield of cottonseed. The ability of returning soil straw to replace potassium fertilizer in different fertility soils was different from year to year. In Nanjing experiment (the content of available potassium in basic soil reached 155mg kg-1), only 4500 kg hm-2 of wheat straw returned to the field in 2012 was able to completely replace chemical potassium fertilizer. By 2013, the wheat straw returning amount 4500-9000 kg hm-2 had the corresponding potassium replacement rate of 36.5% and 87.8%, and the replacement rate of potassium fertilizer increased by 6.3- 32.0% with the cotton straw amount of 9000 kg hm-2. In Dafeng experiment (the content of available potassium in basic soil was 316mg / kg-1), cotton seed yield could be guaranteed without additional potassium fertilizer in 2012, and the yield of cotton straw was 3750 kg hm-2 (W1C1) (the substitution rate of potassium fertilizer was 71.7%) in 2013, except wheat straw returning 4500 kg hm-2 and cotton straw returning 3750 kg hm-2 (W1C1) in 2013. Other wheat straw 4500 kg hm-2 treatment can completely replace chemical potassium fertilizer. 2. From the point of view of oil accumulation of cotton kernel, the potassium content of cotton kernel at 17 days after anthesis was more critical than that of G6PDH- PEPc when straw was applied instead of chemical potash fertilizer, and the content of potassium in cotton kernel was more critical than that of G6PDH- PEPc at 17 days after anthesis. Under the suitable nitrogen fertilizer (300kgN hm-2) and phosphorus fertilizer (150kgP2O5 hm-2) levels, with the straw returning to the field and applying potassium year by year, there were no significant differences between available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil, but there were significant differences in soil available potassium content among different years. At 17 days after anthesis, 24 days was the key period for the formation of oil content difference of cotton kernel under different treatment conditions. Compared with 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the activity of phosphatidylphosphatase (PPase) of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc),) at 24 days after anthesis was higher than that of 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase (G6PDH), which indicated that the effect of PPase on the oil content of cotton kernel was more important than that of G6PDHPc. From the point of view of carbon supply and competition, straw applied potash fertilizer increased sucrose and soluble sugar input, increased the activity of sucrose synthase and invertase, but decreased the protein content of cotton kernel. The content of soluble sugar and sucrose increased significantly at 17 days after anthesis, and the conversion rate of sucrose and the conversion rate of soluble sugar also increased significantly during the growth period. Except for sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), the activity of average sucrose synthase (SuSy), invertase (acidic, alkaline) was positively correlated with the conversion of sucrose and soluble sugar. The application of potassium and straw reduced the protein content during the development of cotton kernel, but increased the peak of GS/GOGAT activity. The absolute value of potassium stress coefficient of oil is higher than that of protein, which indicates that oil is more sensitive to low potassium stress than protein.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S562;S141.4
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