西南高原“旱三熟”地区不同覆盖栽培措施的土壤水分效应

发布时间：2018-08-04 09:32

【摘要】：在西南高原季节性旱区进行田间试验,研究不同覆盖栽培条件下"旱三熟"种植模式的农田土壤水分效应。研究表明,秸秆、地膜覆盖尤其是秸秆地膜二元覆盖有明显蓄集和保存土壤水的作用,土壤保蓄水度平均提高60.63%,覆盖能有效减少田间水分的无效蒸发,平均减少181.93 mm,使作物蒸腾系数和水分利用效率提高,平均提高19.84%和23.5%,而使作物耗水系数减小,平均减少18.26%,根区是作物耗水与土壤保蓄水的关键区域;农田水分变化沿土层可划分为3个层次,即0~30 cm土层为土壤水分变化活跃层和土壤贮水变化明显层、30~80cm土层为土壤水分变化次活跃层和土壤贮水变化显著层、80~100 cm土层为土壤水分变化相对稳定层和土壤贮水变化缓慢层。覆盖栽培可促进作物耗水量由田间无效蒸发耗水向有效的田间作物蒸腾耗水转化,使农田水分的有效性显著提升。
[Abstract]:A field experiment was carried out in the seasonal arid region of the southwest plateau to study the effect of "dry triple cropping" on farmland soil moisture under different mulching cultivation conditions. The results showed that straw mulch, especially straw mulching, especially straw film mulching had obvious effects on soil water accumulation and soil water conservation, and the soil water conservation and storage degree increased by 60.63, and mulching could effectively reduce the ineffective evaporation of field water. The crop transpiration coefficient and water use efficiency increased by 19.84% and 23.5mm, while the crop water consumption coefficient decreased by 18.26 mm. The root zone was the key area for crop water consumption and soil water conservation. The variation of farmland water content can be divided into three layers along the soil layer. The soil layer of 0 ~ 30 cm is the active layer of soil moisture change and the obvious layer of soil water storage change is 30 ~ 80 cm soil layer is the secondary active layer of soil water change and the significant layer of soil water storage change is 80 ~ 100 cm soil layer is the relatively stable layer of soil water change and the slow layer of soil water storage change. Mulching can promote the conversion of crop water consumption from ineffective evaporation and water consumption to effective transpiration and water consumption of field crops, and improve the availability of farmland water significantly.
【作者单位】：西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院;西南林业大学计算机与信息学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31201173) 云南省高校优势特色重点学科(生态学)建设项目西南林业大学科研启动基金项目(111116)
【分类号】：S152.7

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