冬小麦霜冻害模拟方法及其与物联网融合初探

发布时间：2018-08-05 20:40

【摘要】：小麦是我国粮食系统中重要的组成部分,其播种面积、总产和单产量仅次于水稻和玉米,粮食消费总额占全国比重的20%左右。在小麦的种植结构中,冬小麦占到了80%以上,但由于其生长周期较长,历经整个冬季,时有极端低温和温度骤升骤降等问题发生,气候环境条件变化较大,严重影响冬小麦生产,威胁粮食安全。冬小麦霜冻害模拟系统可及时掌握冬小麦生产环境的温度变化,加强对霜冻灾害快速准确监测和预警,为用户争取更多时间根据田间情况和灾害状况调整冬小麦生产管理方案。因此加强霜冻害模拟系统的研究对提高冬小麦生产管理水平,实现增产增收具有重要的意义。本研究依靠国家农业部公益性行业科研专项课题(200903010)“小麦苗情数字化远程监控与诊断管理关键技术”,农业部(948)计划项目(2011-G9)“中国农业适应气候变化关键技术引进”和“十二五”支撑计划课题(2011BAD32B03)“重大农业气象灾害防控与管理技术与示范”,由中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所牵头,提供基础网络平台建设和远程监控设备。针对加拿大FROSTOL模型进行了较系统的分析,并探讨了与物联网技术结合的可行性,基于作物模型学与物联网技术,设计构建了冬小麦霜冻害模拟系统。本研究通过对FROSTOL模型的深入研究,剖析了模型的基本原理和运算机制,并根据FROSTOL模型内部算法,结合实际应用,建立了新模拟系统的模拟模块。同时分析了物联网技术特点,充分利用物联网在数据获取、传输等方面的特点及优势,提出作物模型与物联网相结合的模拟系统设计方案,并对这种将两种科学技术相结合的模拟系统内部构架层次重新划分,体现模拟系统的功能特性。本系统设计方案在应用管理部分主要采用浏览器/服务器模式(Browser/Server),采用C#计算机语言,在.NET环境下编译运行。结合前期研究运行在WEB服务器上的一系列配套应用软件并在此基础上加以完善实现数据信息的采集、处理和存储。模拟系统具有良好的便用性、维护性和可扩展性,便于进一步发展。模拟系统主要分为数据采集传输、灾害模拟预警、系统管理、用户管理和应用帮助5个模块,这些模块负责实现动态数据的远程接收、运算、霜冻灾害模拟和用户管理操作。通过农业物联网平台将监测数据传送到模拟运算中心,并根据模拟作物LT50(临界致死温度:冬作物越冬期间50%的植株受冻死亡时的最低温度)数值与实测温度进行对比来界定冬小麦霜冻灾害的发生,发出预警,为防灾减灾工作提供技术支持。
[Abstract]:Wheat is an important part of the grain system in China, its sowing area, total yield and single yield are second only to rice and corn, and the total grain consumption accounts for about 20% of the whole country. In the planting structure of wheat, winter wheat accounts for more than 80%, but because of its long growth cycle, after the whole winter, there are some problems such as extreme low temperature and sudden drop of temperature, so the climatic and environmental conditions change greatly. Seriously affects the winter wheat production, threatens the grain security. The simulation system of winter wheat frost injury can grasp the temperature change of winter wheat production environment in time, strengthen the quick and accurate monitoring and early warning of frost disaster, and buy more time for the user to adjust the winter wheat production management scheme according to the field situation and disaster condition. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of frost injury simulation system to improve the production and management level of winter wheat and to increase the yield and income of winter wheat. This study relies on the National Ministry of Agriculture Public Welfare Industry Scientific Research Special Project (200903010) "Wheat seedling digital remote monitoring and diagnosis management key technology", Ministry of Agriculture (948) Program Project (2011-G9), "introduction of key Technologies for Agricultural adaptation to Climate change in China" and "Technology and demonstration of Prevention and Management of Major Agrometeorological disasters" (2011BAD32B03), Led by the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, it provides basic network platform construction and remote monitoring equipment. The Canadian FROSTOL model was analyzed systematically, and the feasibility of combining with the Internet of things technology was discussed. Based on crop modelology and Internet of things technology, the simulation system of winter wheat frost injury was designed and constructed. In this study, the basic principle and operation mechanism of the FROSTOL model are analyzed, and the simulation module of the new simulation system is established according to the internal algorithm of the FROSTOL model and the practical application. At the same time, the characteristics of the Internet of things are analyzed, and the characteristics and advantages of the Internet of things in data acquisition and transmission are fully utilized, and the design scheme of simulation system combining crop model and Internet of things is put forward. The internal architecture of the simulation system, which combines the two kinds of science and technology, is reclassified to reflect the functional characteristics of the simulation system. In the part of application management, this system mainly adopts browser / server mode (Browser/Server), adopts C # computer language, compiles and runs in. Net environment. Combined with a series of application software running on the WEB server in the early stage, the data information collection, processing and storage can be realized on the basis of it. The simulation system has good convenience, maintainability and expansibility, and is convenient for further development. The simulation system is mainly divided into five modules: data collection and transmission, disaster simulation and warning, system management, user management and application help. These modules are responsible for remote receiving of dynamic data, calculation, frost disaster simulation and user management. The transmission of monitoring data to the analog computing center through the agricultural Internet of things platform, According to the LT50 (critical lethal temperature: the lowest temperature of 50% plants in winter) and the measured temperature, the occurrence of frost disaster of winter wheat was determined and early warning was issued. Provide technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S512.11;S425;S126

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