黄土丘陵区梯田土壤质量演变及培肥效应研究
发布时间：2018-08-05 19:19
【摘要】：针对黄土丘陵区梯田土壤培肥管理需求和梯田土壤质量演变的科学问题,以陇东和陕北黄土丘陵区为研究区,以庄浪县耕地质量评价数据为数据源,分析了陇东黄土区梯田土壤养分分布特征及其影响因素。以陇东黄土丘陵区不同年限梯田为研究对象,以坡耕地为对照,分析坡耕地改造梯田后,土壤质量及各指标的演变过程。为了评价长期培肥黄土丘陵区梯田作物轮作系统的可持续性,本文基于三角形面积法,采样测定了长期施肥试验小区(21年)的土壤理化属性及作物产量,并计算出可持续性指数。以安塞站连续21年的长期养分试验为依据,对长年监测土壤养分数据进行分析,探究长期培肥土壤养分演变规律。研究不同年限梯田土壤质量演变特征及影响因素、不同培肥措施下土壤质量动态变化,明确梯田土壤质量演变速率、程度和潜力,为梯田土壤保育和管理提供依据,对提升区域农田土壤生产力、提高和稳定粮食生产、促进区域农业可持续发展有重要的科学和现实意义。取得主要结论如下:1、陇东黄土丘陵区梯田土壤大量和微量养分处于中等水平,有较大面积土壤缺硼。土壤大量养分和微量养分空间变异特征主要受土壤类型的影响。庄浪县梯田土壤全磷和速效磷含量处于高等水平,速效钾含量属于较高水平,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效铜、有效锰和有效铁含量处于中等水平,有效锌和有效硼含量处于中下水平,且有较大面积的土壤缺硼。土壤类型对土壤大量养分的空间变异的贡献率达51.81%,海拔影响次之,贡献率为23.60%。随着海拔的升高,土壤大量养分综合指数在中高水平所占比例相应增加。土壤微量养分空间变异性与土壤类型、土壤质地、海拔有关,土壤类型对微量养分空间变异的贡献率最高,为69.41%,土壤质地、海拔的贡献率分别为17.65%,11.76%。2、随着梯田利用年限延长,土壤质量显著提高并优于坡耕地,坡改梯近50年后土壤质量趋于稳定。土壤有机质和全氮含量增长最快,土壤物理和生物指标增长较慢。梯田土壤质量空间变异主要受梯田年限、海拔、坡向、有机肥和化肥施用量综合影响。坡改梯当年,大多数指标显著降低,容重显著增加。随着梯田利用年限延长,土壤质量显著提高,之后趋于稳定。坡改梯后,土壤有机质和全氮含量增长最快,土壤物理和生物指标增长较慢。有机质、全氮、MWD、脲酶和SQI的恢复趋势符合y=axb模型。土壤质量空间变异受梯田年限、海拔、坡向、培肥的综合影响,梯田年限贡献率最大,达到54.55%;海拔和坡向次之,均为18.18%;培肥贡献率较小,为9.10%。3、陕北黄土丘陵区长期培肥可提高梯田农业系统的可持续性。施肥可有效提高梯田土壤质量,有机肥的效果优于化肥,施用化肥在当前轮作系统中不可持续。长期培肥下土壤团聚体的数量和稳定性均较对照有不同程度的提高。施用有机肥对土壤团聚体、养分指标和生物指标均有显著提高。施用化肥,除磷、钾肥对速效磷、钾含量的显著提高外,增幅大多未达到显著水平,磷钾肥配施(PK)下多数指标含量最低。养分指数、生物指数、作物指数及可持续性指数较对照增加了117.7%、113.6%、81.0%和159.0%。施用有机肥和化肥与对照相比均具有效果更优的可持续性,施用有机肥可持续性指数高出临界值6%~54%,但施用化肥均低于可持续性临界值,在当前的作物轮作系统中不可持续。有机肥和氮磷配施处理(MNP)是研究区梯田农业系统的最佳施肥模式。4、陕北黄土丘陵区长期培肥下梯田土壤肥力质量有不同程度的提高,有机肥具有较长的持久性。有机肥和化肥均对土壤有机质、全氮含量具有持续的增长效果,然而有机肥的效果显著优于化肥,且具有较好的持续效果,其中,单施有机肥(M)的增长效果最为突出,氮钾肥配施(NK)效果最差。有机肥对土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量具有显著的增长效果,而长期施用化肥的土壤碱解氮含量降低或者未有显著变化。速效磷含量随磷肥的施用而显著提高,有机肥的施用可提高土壤速效磷含量的增长速度。施用钾肥可促进速效钾含量前期快速提高,但持久性较有机肥低。有机肥和化肥对土壤肥力质量(FI)均有不同程度的提高,但有机肥显著优于化肥。单施有机肥(M)有较好的持续效果,氮磷钾肥配施(NPK)的持续效果较差。
[Abstract]:In view of the scientific problems of soil fertility management in terraced fields in the hilly loess hilly region and the scientific problems in the evolution of terraced soil quality, the loess hilly area of eastern and Northern Shaanxi is taken as the research area. The distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and the influencing factors of terraced soil in the Loess Region of Eastern Gansu are analyzed with the data of the evaluation of cultivated land quality in Zhuanglang county. In order to evaluate the sustainability of the crop rotation system for the terraced farmland in the Loess Hilly Region, based on the triangle area method, the soil physical and chemical properties of the long term fertilization trial plot (21 years) were measured. The sustainability index was calculated. Based on the long-term nutrient test for 21 years in Ansai station, the soil nutrient data of long year monitoring were analyzed, and the evolution regularity of soil nutrients in long term fertilized soil was explored. The characteristics of soil quality evolution and the influence factors of different years of terraced soil were studied, and the dynamic changes of soil quality under Different Fertilizer Cultivation measures were made. The evolution rate, degree and potential of soil quality in terraced field provide a basis for soil conservation and management in terraced fields. It has important scientific and practical significance for improving the productivity of farmland soil, improving and stabilizing grain production and promoting the sustainable development of regional agriculture. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, the soil of terraced fields in the Loess Hilly Region of Eastern Gansu is large and micro. The amount of nutrient in the soil is at the middle level, and there is a large area of soil boron deficiency. The spatial variation characteristics of soil mass and micronutrients are mainly influenced by soil types. The content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in terraced soil in Zhuanglang county is higher, the content of available potassium is higher, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, effective copper, effective manganese and effective iron content. The amount of effective zinc and available boron is in the middle and lower levels, and there is a large area of soil boron deficiency. The contribution rate of soil type to the spatial variation of soil nutrients is 51.81%, the altitude influence is second, the contribution rate is 23.60%. with the elevation of altitude, the proportion of soil nutrient comprehensive index in the middle and high level increases correspondingly. The spatial variability of soil micronutrients is related to soil types, soil texture and altitude, and the contribution rate of soil types to the spatial variation of micronutrients is the highest, 69.41%, the contribution rate of soil texture and elevation is 17.65%, 11.76%.2 respectively. With the extension of the terraced field, the soil quality is significantly improved and superior to the slope land, and the slope is changed nearly 50 years later. Soil quality tended to be stable. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content increased rapidly, and soil physical and biological indicators increased slowly. The spatial variation of soil quality in terraced fields was mainly affected by the years of terraced fields, elevation, slope direction, organic manure and fertilizer application. Most of the indexes decreased significantly and bulk density increased significantly in the year of slope upgrading. With the utilization of terraced fields, the soil quality was significantly increased. The soil quality increased significantly and then stabilized. The soil organic matter and total nitrogen content increased fastest and the soil physical and biological indexes increased slowly. The recovery trend of organic matter, total nitrogen, MWD, urease and SQI conformed to the y=axb model. The spatial variation of soil quality was affected by the years of terraced fields, elevation, slope direction, fertilizer cultivation, terraced fields The contribution rate of the year is the highest, reaching 54.55%, the elevation and the slope are all 18.18%, the contribution rate of the fertilizer is small, it is 9.10%.3, the long-term fertilization of the Loess Hilly Area in Northern Shaanxi can improve the sustainability of the terrace agricultural system. The fertilization can effectively improve the soil quality of the terraced fields, the effect of organic fertilizer is better than the chemical fertilizer, and the application of chemical fertilizer is not sustainable in the current rotation system. The amount and stability of soil aggregates were improved in different degrees under long term fertilization. The application of organic fertilizer to soil aggregates, nutrient indicators and biological indexes increased significantly. The increase in the content of available phosphorus and potassium increased significantly by the application of fertilizer, phosphorus removal and potassium fertilizer. Most of the increase was not significant, and most of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application (PK) was applied. The nutrient index, biological index, crop index and sustainability index increased by 117.7%, 113.6%, 81% and 159.0%. with organic manure and chemical fertilizer, which had better effect on the photo ratio. The application of organic fertilizer sustainability index was higher than 6%~54%, but the application of chemical fertilizer was lower than the sustainability critical. It is not sustainable in the current crop rotation system. Organic manure and nitrogen and phosphorus treatment (MNP) are the best fertilization mode.4 in the terraced field agricultural system in the study area. The soil fertility quality of the terraced fields in the Loess Hilly Region of Northern Shaanxi is improved in varying degrees, and the organic manure has long persistence. Organic manure and chemical fertilizer are both to soil organic matter, The total nitrogen content has a sustained growth effect, but the effect of organic manure is significantly better than that of chemical fertilizer, and it has a good continuous effect. Among them, the growth effect of single application organic fertilizer (M) is the most prominent, and the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application (NK) is the worst. Organic manure has significant increase effect on soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium content, and the long-term application of fertilizer soil. The content of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen decreased or no significant change. The content of available phosphorus increased significantly with the application of phosphate fertilizer. The application of organic manure could increase the rate of increasing soil available P. The application of potassium fertilizer could promote the rapid increase of potassium content in the early stage, but it had lower permanence than organic fertilizer. Organic manure and chemical fertilizer had no effect on soil fertility quality (FI). Organic fertilizer was superior to chemical fertilizer in the same degree. Organic fertilizer (M) alone had a better sustained effect, but NPK had a poor sustained effect.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158
本文编号：2166747
[Abstract]:In view of the scientific problems of soil fertility management in terraced fields in the hilly loess hilly region and the scientific problems in the evolution of terraced soil quality, the loess hilly area of eastern and Northern Shaanxi is taken as the research area. The distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and the influencing factors of terraced soil in the Loess Region of Eastern Gansu are analyzed with the data of the evaluation of cultivated land quality in Zhuanglang county. In order to evaluate the sustainability of the crop rotation system for the terraced farmland in the Loess Hilly Region, based on the triangle area method, the soil physical and chemical properties of the long term fertilization trial plot (21 years) were measured. The sustainability index was calculated. Based on the long-term nutrient test for 21 years in Ansai station, the soil nutrient data of long year monitoring were analyzed, and the evolution regularity of soil nutrients in long term fertilized soil was explored. The characteristics of soil quality evolution and the influence factors of different years of terraced soil were studied, and the dynamic changes of soil quality under Different Fertilizer Cultivation measures were made. The evolution rate, degree and potential of soil quality in terraced field provide a basis for soil conservation and management in terraced fields. It has important scientific and practical significance for improving the productivity of farmland soil, improving and stabilizing grain production and promoting the sustainable development of regional agriculture. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, the soil of terraced fields in the Loess Hilly Region of Eastern Gansu is large and micro. The amount of nutrient in the soil is at the middle level, and there is a large area of soil boron deficiency. The spatial variation characteristics of soil mass and micronutrients are mainly influenced by soil types. The content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in terraced soil in Zhuanglang county is higher, the content of available potassium is higher, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, effective copper, effective manganese and effective iron content. The amount of effective zinc and available boron is in the middle and lower levels, and there is a large area of soil boron deficiency. The contribution rate of soil type to the spatial variation of soil nutrients is 51.81%, the altitude influence is second, the contribution rate is 23.60%. with the elevation of altitude, the proportion of soil nutrient comprehensive index in the middle and high level increases correspondingly. The spatial variability of soil micronutrients is related to soil types, soil texture and altitude, and the contribution rate of soil types to the spatial variation of micronutrients is the highest, 69.41%, the contribution rate of soil texture and elevation is 17.65%, 11.76%.2 respectively. With the extension of the terraced field, the soil quality is significantly improved and superior to the slope land, and the slope is changed nearly 50 years later. Soil quality tended to be stable. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content increased rapidly, and soil physical and biological indicators increased slowly. The spatial variation of soil quality in terraced fields was mainly affected by the years of terraced fields, elevation, slope direction, organic manure and fertilizer application. Most of the indexes decreased significantly and bulk density increased significantly in the year of slope upgrading. With the utilization of terraced fields, the soil quality was significantly increased. The soil quality increased significantly and then stabilized. The soil organic matter and total nitrogen content increased fastest and the soil physical and biological indexes increased slowly. The recovery trend of organic matter, total nitrogen, MWD, urease and SQI conformed to the y=axb model. The spatial variation of soil quality was affected by the years of terraced fields, elevation, slope direction, fertilizer cultivation, terraced fields The contribution rate of the year is the highest, reaching 54.55%, the elevation and the slope are all 18.18%, the contribution rate of the fertilizer is small, it is 9.10%.3, the long-term fertilization of the Loess Hilly Area in Northern Shaanxi can improve the sustainability of the terrace agricultural system. The fertilization can effectively improve the soil quality of the terraced fields, the effect of organic fertilizer is better than the chemical fertilizer, and the application of chemical fertilizer is not sustainable in the current rotation system. The amount and stability of soil aggregates were improved in different degrees under long term fertilization. The application of organic fertilizer to soil aggregates, nutrient indicators and biological indexes increased significantly. The increase in the content of available phosphorus and potassium increased significantly by the application of fertilizer, phosphorus removal and potassium fertilizer. Most of the increase was not significant, and most of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application (PK) was applied. The nutrient index, biological index, crop index and sustainability index increased by 117.7%, 113.6%, 81% and 159.0%. with organic manure and chemical fertilizer, which had better effect on the photo ratio. The application of organic fertilizer sustainability index was higher than 6%~54%, but the application of chemical fertilizer was lower than the sustainability critical. It is not sustainable in the current crop rotation system. Organic manure and nitrogen and phosphorus treatment (MNP) are the best fertilization mode.4 in the terraced field agricultural system in the study area. The soil fertility quality of the terraced fields in the Loess Hilly Region of Northern Shaanxi is improved in varying degrees, and the organic manure has long persistence. Organic manure and chemical fertilizer are both to soil organic matter, The total nitrogen content has a sustained growth effect, but the effect of organic manure is significantly better than that of chemical fertilizer, and it has a good continuous effect. Among them, the growth effect of single application organic fertilizer (M) is the most prominent, and the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application (NK) is the worst. Organic manure has significant increase effect on soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium content, and the long-term application of fertilizer soil. The content of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen decreased or no significant change. The content of available phosphorus increased significantly with the application of phosphate fertilizer. The application of organic manure could increase the rate of increasing soil available P. The application of potassium fertilizer could promote the rapid increase of potassium content in the early stage, but it had lower permanence than organic fertilizer. Organic manure and chemical fertilizer had no effect on soil fertility quality (FI). Organic fertilizer was superior to chemical fertilizer in the same degree. Organic fertilizer (M) alone had a better sustained effect, but NPK had a poor sustained effect.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 曹慧,孙辉,杨浩,孙波,赵其国;土壤酶活性及其对土壤质量的指示研究进展[J];应用与环境生物学报;2003年01期
2 吕晓男,孟赐福,麻万诸,陈晓佳;土壤质量及其演变[J];浙江农业学报;2004年02期
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