黄淮海北部农田犁底层现状及其特征
发布时间：2018-08-06 16:12
【摘要】：【目的】研究黄淮海北部地区犁底层分布现状及特征。【方法】采用布点取样方法,根据黄淮海北部区土壤质地分布图结合第二次土壤普查点位选取山东陵县、河北吴桥县共108个点位,于2014年冬小麦拔节期进行剖面取样调查,测定0—45 cm不同层次土壤水分含量、土壤容重及穿透阻力。【结果】(1)黄淮海北部地区耕层平均厚度在14.74 cm,约有76%的被调研点存在明显的犁底层,犁底层主要分布在15—30 cm;(2)黄淮海北部区农田剖面各层次土壤容重及穿透阻力存在显著差异,犁底层容重最大,平均容重在1.54 g·cm~(-3)左右,显著大于耕层和心土层,在冬小麦拔节期犁底层穿透阻力为1 371.00—4 256.00 k Pa,显著大于耕层及心土层穿透阻力;(3)冬小麦整个生育期犁底层穿透阻力均大于2 000 k Pa,阻碍了小麦根系的深扎,造成小麦根系分布浅层化,这在冬小麦生长缺水的地区,易造成作物水分胁迫,同时不利于根系吸收深层养分;(4)土壤穿透阻力土壤与含水量及容重之间有着极显著相关关系,土壤穿透阻力有随着容重的增加而增加的趋势,二者之间回归方程为:y=3 854.09x+3 891.99(y为穿透阻力,x为土壤容重,r=0.84);当容重低于1.4 g·cm~(-3)时,土壤穿透阻力均低于2 000 k Pa,穿透阻力不会对作物根系生长产生障碍,而当土壤容重在1.4 g·cm~(-3)以上时,穿透阻力对作物的影响同时取决于土壤含水量,穿透阻力随着土壤水分的增加而降低,对应线性回归方程为:y=-75.93 x+3 153.83(y为穿透阻力,x为土壤质量含水量,r=0.82)。【结论】在现行以旋耕为主的传统耕作模式下,黄淮海北部地区农田犁底层是普遍存在的,不利于作物根系生长及作物对土壤养分的充分利用,需要适度打破犁底层,构建合理耕层结构。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the present situation and characteristics of plow bottom distribution in the northern part of the Huang-Huai-Hai area. [methods] A sampling method was used to select Shandong Lingxian according to the soil texture distribution map of the northern Huang-Huai-Hai region combined with the site of the second soil Survey. A total of 108 sites in Wuqiao County, Hebei Province, were sampled at jointing stage of winter wheat in 2014 to determine soil moisture content in different layers of 0-45 cm. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance. [results] (1) the average thickness of the topsoil layer in the northern part of the Huang-Huai Sea is 14.74 cm, and about 76% of the investigated sites have obvious plow bottom. (2) there were significant differences in soil bulk density and penetration resistance between different layers of farmland profile in the northern part of the Yellow River and Huaihai Sea, and the average bulk density of plow bottom layer was about 1.54 g cm ~ (-3), which was significantly larger than that of the tilling layer and the core soil layer, and the average bulk density of the plow bottom layer was about 1.54 g cm ~ (-3). At the jointing stage of winter wheat, the penetration resistance of plow bottom layer was 1 371.00-4 256.00 kPA, which was significantly higher than that of plough layer and core soil layer, (3) the penetration resistance of plow bottom layer in whole growing period of winter wheat was more than 2 000 kPa, which hindered the deep root system of wheat. The distribution of wheat roots is shallow, which is easy to cause crop water stress in areas where winter wheat grows and lacks water, and is not conducive to root absorption of deep nutrients. (4) soil penetration resistance soil has a very significant correlation with water content and bulk density. The soil penetration resistance increased with the increase of bulk density, and the regression equation between them was: 1: y 3 854.09 x 3 891.99 (y = 0. 84), and when the bulk density was less than 1. 4 g cm ~ (-3), the regression equation was 0. 4 g / cm ~ (-3). The penetration resistance of soil was less than 2 000 kPA, and the penetration resistance would not hinder the growth of crop root system. However, when the soil bulk density was above 1.4 g cm ~ (-3), the effect of penetration resistance on crop was also dependent on the soil moisture content. The penetration resistance decreased with the increase of soil moisture, and the linear regression equation was: 1: yong-75.93 x 3 153.83 (y = penetration resistance x = 0.82). [conclusion] under the current traditional tillage mode with rotary tillage as the main factor, the penetrability decreased with the increase of soil moisture, and the linear regression equation was: yya-75.93 x 3 153.83 (y = 0.82). The bottom layer of farmland plough in the northern part of Huanghuai Sea is common, which is not conducive to the growth of crop roots and the full utilization of soil nutrients by crops, so it is necessary to appropriately break the bottom layer of plow and construct a reasonable structure of plough layer.
【作者单位】： 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;山东省德州市农业科学研究院;
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201303130)
【分类号】：S151.9
，
本文编号：2168260
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the present situation and characteristics of plow bottom distribution in the northern part of the Huang-Huai-Hai area. [methods] A sampling method was used to select Shandong Lingxian according to the soil texture distribution map of the northern Huang-Huai-Hai region combined with the site of the second soil Survey. A total of 108 sites in Wuqiao County, Hebei Province, were sampled at jointing stage of winter wheat in 2014 to determine soil moisture content in different layers of 0-45 cm. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance. [results] (1) the average thickness of the topsoil layer in the northern part of the Huang-Huai Sea is 14.74 cm, and about 76% of the investigated sites have obvious plow bottom. (2) there were significant differences in soil bulk density and penetration resistance between different layers of farmland profile in the northern part of the Yellow River and Huaihai Sea, and the average bulk density of plow bottom layer was about 1.54 g cm ~ (-3), which was significantly larger than that of the tilling layer and the core soil layer, and the average bulk density of the plow bottom layer was about 1.54 g cm ~ (-3). At the jointing stage of winter wheat, the penetration resistance of plow bottom layer was 1 371.00-4 256.00 kPA, which was significantly higher than that of plough layer and core soil layer, (3) the penetration resistance of plow bottom layer in whole growing period of winter wheat was more than 2 000 kPa, which hindered the deep root system of wheat. The distribution of wheat roots is shallow, which is easy to cause crop water stress in areas where winter wheat grows and lacks water, and is not conducive to root absorption of deep nutrients. (4) soil penetration resistance soil has a very significant correlation with water content and bulk density. The soil penetration resistance increased with the increase of bulk density, and the regression equation between them was: 1: y 3 854.09 x 3 891.99 (y = 0. 84), and when the bulk density was less than 1. 4 g cm ~ (-3), the regression equation was 0. 4 g / cm ~ (-3). The penetration resistance of soil was less than 2 000 kPA, and the penetration resistance would not hinder the growth of crop root system. However, when the soil bulk density was above 1.4 g cm ~ (-3), the effect of penetration resistance on crop was also dependent on the soil moisture content. The penetration resistance decreased with the increase of soil moisture, and the linear regression equation was: 1: yong-75.93 x 3 153.83 (y = penetration resistance x = 0.82). [conclusion] under the current traditional tillage mode with rotary tillage as the main factor, the penetrability decreased with the increase of soil moisture, and the linear regression equation was: yya-75.93 x 3 153.83 (y = 0.82). The bottom layer of farmland plough in the northern part of Huanghuai Sea is common, which is not conducive to the growth of crop roots and the full utilization of soil nutrients by crops, so it is necessary to appropriately break the bottom layer of plow and construct a reasonable structure of plough layer.
【作者单位】： 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;山东省德州市农业科学研究院;
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201303130)
【分类号】：S151.9
，
本文编号：2168260
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