黑龙江省农作物秸秆资源化工程发展方略研究
发布时间：2018-08-11 19:01
【摘要】：目前,我国农作物秸秆废弃田间、大面积秸秆露天焚烧的现象逐年增加。此做法不但是对生物质资源的浪费,而且还破坏了农业生产生活环境,并已成为我国多地空气污染的重要源头之一。农作物秸秆资源化工程,是改善农村生态环境、提高农民收入和实现农业可持续发展的重要途径之一。黑龙江省是我国重要的商品粮生产基地,农作物秸秆产量大、分布广但利用率低,对其农作物秸秆的充分利用是全国秸秆综合利用工程推广的重要参考和动力源泉。以黑龙江省为研究对象,从其发展农作物秸秆资源化工程的原料收储运模式、技术工艺综合效益、秸秆收集的经济半径和环境半径四个方面进行了分析。农作物秸秆资源化在带来经济效益的同时还可减少农业垃圾并解决环境问题。因此,经济效益和生态环境效益的考量对于农作物秸秆资源化工程的发展同样重要。采用能值评价法,对黑龙江省农作物秸秆收储运系统的经济、环境和可持续发展潜能进行综合分析。发现:1)秸秆人工收集和三种机械收集方式,都具有很好的环境效益和可持续发展潜能,其经济效益从高到低依次为:人工收集机械收集a机械收集b机械收集c,即人工收集系统的经济效益最佳;机械收集系统中,c的经济效益最低。2)三种秸秆储藏模式的经济效益由高到低依次为:处理厂-仓库存储站-露天存储站-仓库模式,处理厂-仓库存储模式的经济效益最高,建立中间存储站的存储模式与处理厂直接存储相比经济效益低。3)在60km运输距离内,捆秆运输的综合效益优于散秆;散秆运输距离在12.5km以内、捆秆在40km以内时,拖拉机运输的综合效益较高,超出以上范围时,采用卡车运输的综合效益高。采用能值法,选取了经济(净能值产出率EYR)、环境(环境负载率ELR)和可持续发展潜能(能值可持续发展指数ESI)三个指标,以各应用方式中综合效益最佳的实例进行秸秆资源化工程技术间综合效益的比较和分析。发现:农作物秸秆资源化工程经济效益从高到低依次为:成型燃料沼气发酵纤维素乙醇直燃发电气化供气工程;环境效益从高到低依次为:成型燃料沼气发酵直燃发电气化供气纤维素乙醇工程;可持续发展潜能从高到低依次为:成型燃料沼气发酵纤维素乙醇直燃发电气化供气工程。综上,成型燃料和沼气发酵工程综合效益优于其他工程类型,是适合目前黑龙江省发展的农作物秸秆资源化途径。针对农作物秸秆资源化工程原料进厂费用高及供应不稳定的问题,提出了基于单位秸秆资源化利用最佳经济效益半径的评价模型,以此评价单位质量的秸秆经不同资源化工艺加工后获得最大经济效益的运输半径。以黑龙江省主要行政区域为单位,对其发展秸秆沼气、乙醇、成型燃料和直燃发电工程的最佳经济半径进行了研究。各区域的最佳经济半径区间分别为:秸秆沼气工程(35.6~58.3 km),纤维素乙醇工程(31.1~58.3 km),成型燃料工程(3.5~7.1 km),直燃发电工程(20.1~31.2 km);相同农作物秸秆资源化工程的最佳经济半径主要受区域秸秆可资源化密度影响,绥化地区秸秆可资源化密度最大,其最佳经济半径最短;相同区域发展不同农作物秸秆资源化工程时,沼气和乙醇工程运输半径最大,其次为直燃发电工程,成型燃料工程最小。部分区域的最佳经济半径超出了区域的最大运输半径,此时应以最大运输半径为准。我国空气污染问题日益严重,空气质量导致的疾病和安全事件频发。有效利用农作物秸秆是缓解空气污染的重要途径。针对此问题,构建了农作物秸秆资源化工程环境评价模型。以黑龙江省哈尔滨地区为例,对主要秸秆资源化工程的温室气体和PM2.5排放情况进行了研究。发现:1)当工程均为最佳经济半径时,温室气体单位减排量依次为:沼气发酵(106301t CO2 eq.)发酵乙醇(9690t CO2 eq.)直燃发电(2673t CO2 eq.)成型燃料(51t CO2 eq.)工程;PM2.5总减排量分别为沼气发酵(1539512g)乙醇(1379045g)直燃发电(545428g)成型燃料(18045g)工程。2)运输半径相同(即原料供应量,以15km为例)时,温室气体减排量从高至低依次为成型燃料(12523t CO2 eq.)沼气发酵(1785t CO2 eq.)直燃发电(1359t CO2 eq.)乙醇发酵(770t CO2 eq.)工程;此时各工程PM2.5减排量基本相同(0.25t)。综上所述,本文通过黑龙江省农作物秸秆资源化工程收储运系统及不同类型工程的经济—环境—可持续发展潜能分析、经济半径和环境半径的研究,从收储运模式、工艺选择和原料收集半径几个方面对黑龙江省发展秸秆资源化工程提供了建议,以期能够对黑龙江省农作物秸秆资源化工程的发展、相关政策制度的完善和工程类型的决策和规划提供帮助。
[Abstract]:At present, the phenomenon of large-area open-air burning of crop straw in abandoned fields is increasing year by year. This practice not only wastes biomass resources, but also destroys the agricultural production and living environment, and has become one of the important sources of air pollution in many places in China. Heilongjiang Province is an important commodity grain production base in China. The yield of crop straw is large, the distribution is wide, but the utilization rate is low. The full utilization of crop straw is an important reference and power source for the popularization of comprehensive utilization of crop straw in China. Objectives: From four aspects of raw material collection, storage and transportation mode, technical and technological comprehensive benefit, economic radius and environmental radius of straw collection, this paper analyzes the development of crop straw recycling project. Environmental benefits are also important for the development of crop straw resource engineering. The paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the economic, environmental and sustainable development potential of crop straw harvesting, storage and transportation system in Heilongjiang Province by using emergy evaluation method. The economic benefits of the three stalk storage modes from high to low are as follows: a mechanical collection a mechanical collection B mechanical collection c, that is, the best economic benefits of the manual collection system; C in the mechanical collection system, the lowest economic benefits. 2) The economic benefits of the three stalk storage modes from high to low are as follows: treatment plant-warehouse storage station-open storage station-open storage station. In the warehouse mode, the economic benefit of the treatment plant-warehouse storage mode is the highest, and the storage mode of the intermediate storage station is lower than the direct storage mode of the treatment plant. The comprehensive benefit of truck transportation is high when it is higher than the above range. Three indexes, economic (net energy output rate EYR), environmental (environmental load rate ELR) and sustainable development potential (emergy sustainable development index ESI), are selected by emergy method to carry out straw recycling engineering technology with the best example of comprehensive benefit in each application mode. Comparing and analyzing the synthetical benefits, it is found that the economic benefits of crop straw recycling project are as follows: the direct-fired power generation and gasification of cellulose-ethanol by biogas fermentation; the environmental benefits are as follows: the direct-fired power generation and gasification of cellulose-ethanol by biogas fermentation; the sustainable development potential. From high to low, the order is as follows: Formed fuel biogas fermentation cellulose ethanol direct-fired power generation and gasification gas supply project. In a word, the comprehensive benefits of molded fuel and biogas fermentation project are better than other types of projects, which are suitable for the development of Heilongjiang Province at present. To solve the problem of unstable supply, an evaluation model based on the optimum economic benefit radius of straw resource utilization was proposed to evaluate the transportation radius of the maximum economic benefit of the straw processed by different resource utilization technologies. The optimum economic radius of material and direct-fired power generation project is studied. The optimum economic radius ranges of each region are straw biogas project (35.6-58.3 km), cellulose ethanol project (31.1-58.3 km), molding fuel project (3.5-7.1 km), direct-fired power generation project (20.1-31.2 km), and the optimum economic radius of the same crop straw resource engineering. Suihua has the largest straw resource density and the shortest optimum economic radius. In the same region, the transport radius of biogas and ethanol project is the largest, followed by direct-fired power generation project and molding fuel project is the smallest. The air pollution problem is becoming more and more serious in China, and the diseases and safety incidents caused by air quality are frequent. Effective utilization of crop straw is an important way to alleviate air pollution. Taking Harbin area of Heilongjiang Province as an example, the greenhouse gas and PM2.5 emissions from major straw resource projects were studied. It was found that: 1) When the project was the best economic radius, the greenhouse gas emission reduction per unit was in turn as follows: biogas fermentation (106301t CO2 eq.) ethanol fermentation (9690t CO2 eq.) direct-fired power generation (2673t CO2 eq.) molding combustion. The total emission reductions of PM2.5 are biogas fermentation (1539512g) ethanol (1379045g) direct-fired power generation (545428g) molding fuel (18045g) project. Electric (1359t CO2 eq.) ethanol fermentation (770t CO2 eq.) project; at this time the PM2.5 emission reduction of each project is basically the same (0.25t). In summary, this paper through the Heilongjiang Province crop straw resources engineering harvesting and transportation system and different types of projects of economic-environmental-sustainable development potential analysis, economic radius and environmental radius of the study, from the harvesting and storage. Transportation mode, process selection and material collection radius provide suggestions for the development of crop straw resource engineering in Heilongjiang Province, with a view to providing help for the development of crop straw resource engineering in Heilongjiang Province, the improvement of relevant policies and systems, and the decision-making and planning of project types.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S38;X712
本文编号：2177931
[Abstract]:At present, the phenomenon of large-area open-air burning of crop straw in abandoned fields is increasing year by year. This practice not only wastes biomass resources, but also destroys the agricultural production and living environment, and has become one of the important sources of air pollution in many places in China. Heilongjiang Province is an important commodity grain production base in China. The yield of crop straw is large, the distribution is wide, but the utilization rate is low. The full utilization of crop straw is an important reference and power source for the popularization of comprehensive utilization of crop straw in China. Objectives: From four aspects of raw material collection, storage and transportation mode, technical and technological comprehensive benefit, economic radius and environmental radius of straw collection, this paper analyzes the development of crop straw recycling project. Environmental benefits are also important for the development of crop straw resource engineering. The paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the economic, environmental and sustainable development potential of crop straw harvesting, storage and transportation system in Heilongjiang Province by using emergy evaluation method. The economic benefits of the three stalk storage modes from high to low are as follows: a mechanical collection a mechanical collection B mechanical collection c, that is, the best economic benefits of the manual collection system; C in the mechanical collection system, the lowest economic benefits. 2) The economic benefits of the three stalk storage modes from high to low are as follows: treatment plant-warehouse storage station-open storage station-open storage station. In the warehouse mode, the economic benefit of the treatment plant-warehouse storage mode is the highest, and the storage mode of the intermediate storage station is lower than the direct storage mode of the treatment plant. The comprehensive benefit of truck transportation is high when it is higher than the above range. Three indexes, economic (net energy output rate EYR), environmental (environmental load rate ELR) and sustainable development potential (emergy sustainable development index ESI), are selected by emergy method to carry out straw recycling engineering technology with the best example of comprehensive benefit in each application mode. Comparing and analyzing the synthetical benefits, it is found that the economic benefits of crop straw recycling project are as follows: the direct-fired power generation and gasification of cellulose-ethanol by biogas fermentation; the environmental benefits are as follows: the direct-fired power generation and gasification of cellulose-ethanol by biogas fermentation; the sustainable development potential. From high to low, the order is as follows: Formed fuel biogas fermentation cellulose ethanol direct-fired power generation and gasification gas supply project. In a word, the comprehensive benefits of molded fuel and biogas fermentation project are better than other types of projects, which are suitable for the development of Heilongjiang Province at present. To solve the problem of unstable supply, an evaluation model based on the optimum economic benefit radius of straw resource utilization was proposed to evaluate the transportation radius of the maximum economic benefit of the straw processed by different resource utilization technologies. The optimum economic radius of material and direct-fired power generation project is studied. The optimum economic radius ranges of each region are straw biogas project (35.6-58.3 km), cellulose ethanol project (31.1-58.3 km), molding fuel project (3.5-7.1 km), direct-fired power generation project (20.1-31.2 km), and the optimum economic radius of the same crop straw resource engineering. Suihua has the largest straw resource density and the shortest optimum economic radius. In the same region, the transport radius of biogas and ethanol project is the largest, followed by direct-fired power generation project and molding fuel project is the smallest. The air pollution problem is becoming more and more serious in China, and the diseases and safety incidents caused by air quality are frequent. Effective utilization of crop straw is an important way to alleviate air pollution. Taking Harbin area of Heilongjiang Province as an example, the greenhouse gas and PM2.5 emissions from major straw resource projects were studied. It was found that: 1) When the project was the best economic radius, the greenhouse gas emission reduction per unit was in turn as follows: biogas fermentation (106301t CO2 eq.) ethanol fermentation (9690t CO2 eq.) direct-fired power generation (2673t CO2 eq.) molding combustion. The total emission reductions of PM2.5 are biogas fermentation (1539512g) ethanol (1379045g) direct-fired power generation (545428g) molding fuel (18045g) project. Electric (1359t CO2 eq.) ethanol fermentation (770t CO2 eq.) project; at this time the PM2.5 emission reduction of each project is basically the same (0.25t). In summary, this paper through the Heilongjiang Province crop straw resources engineering harvesting and transportation system and different types of projects of economic-environmental-sustainable development potential analysis, economic radius and environmental radius of the study, from the harvesting and storage. Transportation mode, process selection and material collection radius provide suggestions for the development of crop straw resource engineering in Heilongjiang Province, with a view to providing help for the development of crop straw resource engineering in Heilongjiang Province, the improvement of relevant policies and systems, and the decision-making and planning of project types.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S38;X712
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相关期刊论文 前2条
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2 祝斌,朱先磊,张元勋,曾立民,张远航;农作物秸秆燃烧PM_(2.5)排放因子的研究[J];环境科学研究;2005年02期
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