转基因抗病玉米对土壤可培养微生物的影响
发布时间：2018-08-11 19:49
【摘要】：近年来,随着转基因玉米的推广和种植面积的不断扩大,其生物安全性也已引起人们的广泛重视。土壤生态系统在物质循环和能量转化中占有重要的地位,转基因玉米的外源基因可能通过根系的分泌物或作物残茬或者其他途径流入土壤生态系统中。土壤中生存的特异微生物类群的功能性质以及微生物群落结构的多样性都可能受到转基因植株的影响。传统的微生物研究方法具有一定的局限性,而一些分子生物学技术的应用为土壤微生物的研究提供了新的有力工具,RAPD技术则是其中一种重要的分子生物学技术。本实验采用传统平板分离法研究了不同生长时期转几丁质酶基因抗病玉米和非转基因玉米之间土壤微生物数量的变化,以及采用RAPD(Randora Amplified Polymorphie DNA)分析技术研究了不同时期可培养细菌与可培养真菌的群落结构的变化。平板分离计数结果显示,转几丁质酶基因抗病玉米与非转基因玉米的根区土壤中主要微生物群落数量与其发育时期有关。根区微生物数量一般是由幼苗期开始升高,到生长期达到高峰,成熟期开始下降。转几丁质酶基因抗病玉米与非转基因玉米相比,在可培养细菌数量上,根际土壤中细菌数量在幼苗期、生长期没有差异,而在成熟期则产生了差异,且达到了显著水平(P0.05)；在可培养真菌数量上,根际土中真菌数量在生长期和成熟期均产生了差异,且达到了显著水平(P_0.05)；在可培养放线菌数量上,根际土中放线菌数量在各发育时期均未产生显著差异(P0.05)。转几丁质酶基因抗病玉米与非转基因玉米相比,在根区外周土壤中,可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量均未产生显著差异(I)0.05)。由此可知,转几丁质酶基因抗病玉米与非转基因玉米相比,在根际土中,对土壤可培养细菌的影响在成熟期最大,在生长期、成熟期对土壤可培养真菌均有显著影响,而对于可培养放线菌,各生长时期的数量均无显著变化；而在根区外周土壤中,转基因抗病玉米对各生长时期土壤中的细菌、真菌与放线菌的数量均无显著影响。利用RAPD技术分析根区可培养细菌与可培养真菌群落结构的变化。结果显示：转几丁质酶基因抗病玉米与非转基因玉米相比,在对可培养细菌群落结构的影响上,根际土壤细菌群落结构的相似性在不同生长时期变化较大,其中,在幼苗期最大为83.33%,在生长期最小为57.14%；对于根区外周土壤,细菌群落结构相似性在收割后最小为70.80%,幼苗期最大为89.17%,不同生长时期的细菌群落结构差异变化较小。说明转几丁质酶基因抗病玉米对根区土壤细菌的群落结构影响较小。转几丁质酶基因抗病玉米与非转基因玉米相比,在对可培养真菌群落结构的影响上,根际土壤真菌在生长期与成熟期的群落结构的相似性较小,其中,在成熟期最小为54.17%, 幼苗期最大为75.00%；对于根区外周土壤,不同生长时期的真菌群落结构相似度则相对较高,真菌群落结构相似度在幼苗期最大为77.08%,成熟期最小为56.25%。说明转几丁质酶基因抗病玉米对根区土壤真菌的群落结构产生了一定的影响作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the popularization of transgenic maize and the continuous expansion of planting area, its biological safety has attracted widespread attention. Soil ecosystem plays an important role in the material cycle and energy transformation. The exogenous genes of transgenic maize may flow into the soil through root exudates or crop residues or other ways. In soil ecosystems, the functional properties of specific microbial communities and the diversity of microbial community structure in soils may be affected by transgenic plants. Traditional methods of microbial research have some limitations, and the application of some molecular biology techniques provides a new powerful tool for soil microbial research. RAPD technique is one of the most important molecular biology techniques. In this experiment, the number of soil microorganisms between chitinase-resistant and non-transgenic Maize at different growth stages was studied by traditional plate separation method, and RAPD (Randora Amplified Polymorphie DNA) analysis technique was used to study the variation of soil microorganisms at different times. The results of plate separation and counting showed that the number of major microbial communities in the root zone of transgenic and non-transgenic maize was related to their development stages. Compared with non-transgenic maize, the number of bacteria in rhizosphere soil had no difference at seedling stage and growth stage, but had a significant difference at maturity stage (P 0.05). The number of culturable actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil had no significant difference at all development stages (P 0.05). Compared with non-transgenic maize, the number of culturable bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil had no significant difference (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of soil fungi (I) between transgenic maize and non-transgenic maize (I) 0.05). Therefore, compared with transgenic maize, transgenic maize with Chitinase gene had the greatest influence on soil culturable bacteria in the rhizosphere soil at the mature stage, and had significant influence on soil culturable fungi during the growth and maturity stage, while for culturable actinomycetes, the number of each growth stage was significantly affected. There was no significant change in the amount of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the peripheral soil of the root zone. RAPD technique was used to analyze the community structure of culturable bacteria and fungi in the root zone. Compared with maize, the similarity of bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil varied greatly in different growth stages, with the maximum being 83.33% in seedling stage and the minimum being 57.14% in growth stage; the minimum similarity of bacterial community structure was 70.80% in peripheral soil of root zone after harvest and the maximum in seedling stage. The difference of bacterial community structure in different growth stages was small, indicating that transgenic chitinase-resistant maize had little effect on soil bacterial community structure in root zone. The similarity of community structure in the mature stage was 54.17% at the minimum and 75.00% at the seedling stage; the similarity of Fungi Community Structure in different growth stages was relatively high in the soil around the root zone, and the similarity of fungi community structure was 77.08% at the seedling stage and 56.25% at the mature stage. Resistant maize had a certain effect on the community structure of soil fungi in root zone.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S154.3;S513
本文编号：2178066
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the popularization of transgenic maize and the continuous expansion of planting area, its biological safety has attracted widespread attention. Soil ecosystem plays an important role in the material cycle and energy transformation. The exogenous genes of transgenic maize may flow into the soil through root exudates or crop residues or other ways. In soil ecosystems, the functional properties of specific microbial communities and the diversity of microbial community structure in soils may be affected by transgenic plants. Traditional methods of microbial research have some limitations, and the application of some molecular biology techniques provides a new powerful tool for soil microbial research. RAPD technique is one of the most important molecular biology techniques. In this experiment, the number of soil microorganisms between chitinase-resistant and non-transgenic Maize at different growth stages was studied by traditional plate separation method, and RAPD (Randora Amplified Polymorphie DNA) analysis technique was used to study the variation of soil microorganisms at different times. The results of plate separation and counting showed that the number of major microbial communities in the root zone of transgenic and non-transgenic maize was related to their development stages. Compared with non-transgenic maize, the number of bacteria in rhizosphere soil had no difference at seedling stage and growth stage, but had a significant difference at maturity stage (P 0.05). The number of culturable actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil had no significant difference at all development stages (P 0.05). Compared with non-transgenic maize, the number of culturable bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil had no significant difference (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of soil fungi (I) between transgenic maize and non-transgenic maize (I) 0.05). Therefore, compared with transgenic maize, transgenic maize with Chitinase gene had the greatest influence on soil culturable bacteria in the rhizosphere soil at the mature stage, and had significant influence on soil culturable fungi during the growth and maturity stage, while for culturable actinomycetes, the number of each growth stage was significantly affected. There was no significant change in the amount of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the peripheral soil of the root zone. RAPD technique was used to analyze the community structure of culturable bacteria and fungi in the root zone. Compared with maize, the similarity of bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil varied greatly in different growth stages, with the maximum being 83.33% in seedling stage and the minimum being 57.14% in growth stage; the minimum similarity of bacterial community structure was 70.80% in peripheral soil of root zone after harvest and the maximum in seedling stage. The difference of bacterial community structure in different growth stages was small, indicating that transgenic chitinase-resistant maize had little effect on soil bacterial community structure in root zone. The similarity of community structure in the mature stage was 54.17% at the minimum and 75.00% at the seedling stage; the similarity of Fungi Community Structure in different growth stages was relatively high in the soil around the root zone, and the similarity of fungi community structure was 77.08% at the seedling stage and 56.25% at the mature stage. Resistant maize had a certain effect on the community structure of soil fungi in root zone.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S154.3;S513
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 陆雅海;张福锁;;根际微生物研究进展[J];土壤;2006年02期
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