扶桑绵粉蚧不同生殖方式的比较研究
发布时间：2018-08-12 13:32
【摘要】：扶桑绵粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis)是近些年来入侵我国的重要检疫性害虫,该虫繁殖能力强,寄主范围广,对棉花等寄主植物造成了严重的危害。对该虫的潜在风险评估显示,该虫对我国绝大部分地区具有潜在的危险性。扶桑绵粉蚧是一种多食性昆虫,目前已在全世界发现其寄主植物种类多达61科200余种。调查发现,扶桑绵粉蚧严重危害多种观赏性作物和经济类作物,其中以棉花最为严重。目前国内外对扶桑绵粉蚧的生殖方式存在争议,一种观点认为其只能进行两性生殖,不能通过孤雌生殖产生后代。另一种观点则认为扶桑绵粉蚧既可以进行孤雌生殖又可以进行两性生殖。为了明确该粉蚧的生殖方式,本文以棉花为寄主在温度：27±1℃,相对湿度：70+5%,光照L：D=14：10的条件下分别对扶桑绵粉蚧的孤雌生殖和两性生殖两种生殖方式进行了多代培养。确定了扶桑绵粉蚧生殖方式,并对扶桑绵粉蚧两种生殖方式的产卵前期、产卵量、后代性比、产卵亲本比例、寿命等方面做了较为详细的比较。另外,本文还在扶桑绵粉蚧雄虫性选择方面做了初步的探究。研究结果如下：1. 对扶桑绵粉蚧进行连续5代孤雌生殖培养,结果均有后代产生,并且后代既有雌性,也有雄性。同时扶桑绵粉蚧也可以两性生殖产生后代,所以扶桑绵粉蚧的生殖方式是兼性产两性孤雌生殖。2. 比较了扶桑绵粉蚧孤雌生殖各代之间在产卵前期、产卵量、性比、产卵亲本比例等方面的表现,结果表明：前两代均只有1只雌成虫产后代,从第三代起产后代的亲本数量才增加,5代的产卵亲本比例分别为0.014、0.014、0.043、0.16、0.07。5代雌成虫的产卵前期分别为14.0天,9.0天,15.0天,15.9天和12.2天：产卵量分别为412.0头,587.0头,356.7头,342.9头和382.4头；性比为1.2,1.0,1.1,1.2以及1.2。产卵前期、产卵量、性比之间均无显著差异,但是在产卵前期和产卵量的分析发现产卵前期所需时间越久,产卵量有下降趋势。雌虫的若虫期为13.1天,寿命为57.2天；雄虫的若虫期是18.7天,寿命为20.8天。雌雄两性粉蚧在上述两者之间均存在显著差异性。3. 对扶桑绵粉蚧进行3代两性生殖培养,探讨各代之间在产卵前期、产卵量、性比、产卵亲本比例等方面的关系,结果表明：产卵前期分别为：7.1天,6.7天和6.6天；产卵量为251.1头,825.3头和406.1头；性比为1.1,1.2以及1.2。统计分析结果表明,扶桑绵粉蚧两性生殖各代之间的产卵量存在显著差异而产卵前期与性比不存在显著差异。两性生殖中雌虫的寿命为32.8天,雄虫的寿命为20.8天,两者之间存在显著差异性。3代产卵亲本的比例分别为0.90、0.95、0.95,这表明扶桑绵粉蚧两性生殖中只要雌成虫与雄成虫发生交配,一般均可以产生后代。4 将扶桑绵粉蚧孤雌生殖与两性生殖的以上数据进行比较发现,两种生殖方式的产卵前期存在显著差异性,孤雌生殖为14.8天,两性生殖为6.9天。除此之外,两种生殖方式的产卵量存在显著差异,孤雌生殖为348.3头,两性生殖为494.1头,两性生殖雌虫的产卵量显著多于孤雌生殖的产卵量,两种生殖方式的后代性比大致为1,雌性稍多于雄性。扶桑绵粉蚧孤雌生殖的雌成虫寿命约为57.2天,两性生殖中雌成虫的寿命约为32.8天。两者同样存在显著差异。5 对扶桑绵粉蚧雄性的性选择研究表明,交配雌成虫尾部微微翘起,方便雄虫与之交配。交配时,雄虫通常交配多次,而雌虫常常只交配一次。一次平均交配时间约为2.9分钟,同时交配时间一般不随交配次数产生变化。
[Abstract]:Phenacoccus Solenopsis is an important quarantine pest invading China in recent years. It has strong reproductive ability and wide host range, causing serious damage to cotton and other host plants. The potential risk assessment of the pest shows that it has potential danger to most areas of China. More than 200 species of host plants belonging to 61 families have been found in the world. It is found that the cotton is the most serious pest among them. At present, there is a controversy about the reproductive mode of the cotton beetle. One view is that it can only reproduce sexually. In order to make clear the reproductive mode of C. fusanensis, the Parthenogenesis of C. fusanensis was carried out under the conditions of 27 1 C, 70 5 relative humidity and light L D = 14 10. Reproduction and hermaphroditism have been cultured for many generations. The reproductive mode of the cockroach has been determined, and the prophase of oviposition, the amount of oviposition, the sex ratio of offspring, the proportion of oviposition parents and the life span of the cockroach have been compared in detail. The results are as follows: 1. The parthenogenetic culture of Fusang mealy cockroaches for five generations in succession, and the offspring are both female and male. At the same time, Fusang mealy cockroaches can also reproduce sexually, so the reproductive mode of Fusang mealy cockroaches is sexual parthenogenesis. The results showed that there was only one female adult laying offspring in the first two generations, and the number of parents increased from the third generation. The proportion of parents laying offspring in the fifth generation was 0.014, 0.014, 0.043, 0.16, 0.07.5 respectively. There were no significant differences in the number of eggs laid before, during, 15.0, 15.9 and 12.2 days, respectively: 412.0, 587.0, 356.7, 342.9 and 382.4 eggs laid; sex ratios were 1.2, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.2. There were no significant differences in the number of eggs laid and sex ratios between pre-oviposition and pre-oviposition. The nymph stage of female is 13.1 days, and the longevity is 57.2 days; the nymph stage of male is 18.7 days, and the longevity is 20.8 days. There are significant differences between male and female. 3. The reproductive culture of three generations of Fusang cockroaches was carried out to study the preoviposition, oviposition, sex ratio, and the ratio of parents to spawning. The results showed that: 7.1 days, 6.7 days and 6.6 days before oviposition; 251.1 eggs, 825.3 eggs and 406.1 eggs; sex ratios were 1.1, 1.2 and 1.2. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the number of eggs laid between the generations, but there was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid before oviposition and sex ratio. The longevity of male and female adults were 32.8 days and 20.8 days respectively, and there was significant difference between them. The ratios of oviposition parents of the three generations were 0.90, 0.95 and 0.95, respectively. This indicated that the above numbers of parthenogenesis and hermaphroditism could be produced if the female adults mated with the male adults. According to the comparison, there are significant differences between the two reproductive methods in the pre-oviposition period. Parthenogenesis is 14.8 days, and bisexual reproduction is 6.9 days. The life span of female adults in parthenogenesis is about 57.2 days, and that of female adults in sexual reproduction is about 32.8 days. When mating, the males usually mate many times, while the females often only mate once. The average mating time is about 2.9 minutes, and the mating time does not change with the mating times.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433
本文编号：2179206
[Abstract]:Phenacoccus Solenopsis is an important quarantine pest invading China in recent years. It has strong reproductive ability and wide host range, causing serious damage to cotton and other host plants. The potential risk assessment of the pest shows that it has potential danger to most areas of China. More than 200 species of host plants belonging to 61 families have been found in the world. It is found that the cotton is the most serious pest among them. At present, there is a controversy about the reproductive mode of the cotton beetle. One view is that it can only reproduce sexually. In order to make clear the reproductive mode of C. fusanensis, the Parthenogenesis of C. fusanensis was carried out under the conditions of 27 1 C, 70 5 relative humidity and light L D = 14 10. Reproduction and hermaphroditism have been cultured for many generations. The reproductive mode of the cockroach has been determined, and the prophase of oviposition, the amount of oviposition, the sex ratio of offspring, the proportion of oviposition parents and the life span of the cockroach have been compared in detail. The results are as follows: 1. The parthenogenetic culture of Fusang mealy cockroaches for five generations in succession, and the offspring are both female and male. At the same time, Fusang mealy cockroaches can also reproduce sexually, so the reproductive mode of Fusang mealy cockroaches is sexual parthenogenesis. The results showed that there was only one female adult laying offspring in the first two generations, and the number of parents increased from the third generation. The proportion of parents laying offspring in the fifth generation was 0.014, 0.014, 0.043, 0.16, 0.07.5 respectively. There were no significant differences in the number of eggs laid before, during, 15.0, 15.9 and 12.2 days, respectively: 412.0, 587.0, 356.7, 342.9 and 382.4 eggs laid; sex ratios were 1.2, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.2. There were no significant differences in the number of eggs laid and sex ratios between pre-oviposition and pre-oviposition. The nymph stage of female is 13.1 days, and the longevity is 57.2 days; the nymph stage of male is 18.7 days, and the longevity is 20.8 days. There are significant differences between male and female. 3. The reproductive culture of three generations of Fusang cockroaches was carried out to study the preoviposition, oviposition, sex ratio, and the ratio of parents to spawning. The results showed that: 7.1 days, 6.7 days and 6.6 days before oviposition; 251.1 eggs, 825.3 eggs and 406.1 eggs; sex ratios were 1.1, 1.2 and 1.2. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the number of eggs laid between the generations, but there was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid before oviposition and sex ratio. The longevity of male and female adults were 32.8 days and 20.8 days respectively, and there was significant difference between them. The ratios of oviposition parents of the three generations were 0.90, 0.95 and 0.95, respectively. This indicated that the above numbers of parthenogenesis and hermaphroditism could be produced if the female adults mated with the male adults. According to the comparison, there are significant differences between the two reproductive methods in the pre-oviposition period. Parthenogenesis is 14.8 days, and bisexual reproduction is 6.9 days. The life span of female adults in parthenogenesis is about 57.2 days, and that of female adults in sexual reproduction is about 32.8 days. When mating, the males usually mate many times, while the females often only mate once. The average mating time is about 2.9 minutes, and the mating time does not change with the mating times.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433
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