缓释尿素对滴灌棉田土壤无机氮及其产量的影响
发布时间：2018-08-14 09:30
【摘要】：通过田间试验,研究了基施缓释尿素占总氮量20%,50%和100%对棉田土壤无机氮分布、积累以及棉花产量、氮素吸收利用及农田氮素平衡的影响,明确缓释尿素能否在滴灌棉花上施用,并探讨其施用的适宜基施比例。结果表明,施用缓释尿素可显著提高土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,其中各缓释尿素处理的土壤硝态氮含量较不施氮处理分别提高189.27%、195.58%和112.70%。施肥处理土壤无机氮积累量均表现为富集现象,不施氮处理则表现为负积累效应。土壤无机氮含量随基施比例的增加而降低,而土壤氮素表观损失量和氮素盈余量随基施比例的增大均为先降后增的趋势。棉花产量、氮肥利用率和农学效率均随缓释尿素基施比例的增大表现出先增加后降低的趋势,缓释尿素是通过增加棉花单株结铃数或单铃重来实现增产的。综上,本试验条件下,缓释尿素占总氮量50%作基肥的滴灌棉花产量及氮肥利用率较高,土壤氮素表观损失量较低。
[Abstract]:The effects of 50% and 100% basal application of slow-release urea on the distribution of inorganic nitrogen, accumulation, yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization and nitrogen balance in cotton field were studied, and it was determined whether slow-release urea could be applied to drip irrigation cotton. The suitable ratio of basal application was discussed. The results showed that the application of slow-release urea could significantly increase the contents of nitrate and ammonium in soil, and the contents of nitrate and ammonium in each slow-release urea treatment were 189.275.58% and 112.70% higher than that of no nitrogen application respectively. The accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in soil under fertilization treatment showed enrichment phenomenon, but the negative accumulation effect was observed in the treatment without nitrogen application. The content of inorganic nitrogen in soil decreased with the increase of the ratio of basal application, while the apparent loss of soil nitrogen and the surplus amount of nitrogen decreased first and then increased with the increase of the ratio of basal application. The yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and agronomic efficiency of cotton increased first and then decreased with the increase of the proportion of slow-release urea, and the yield was increased by increasing boll number per plant or boll weight per plant. In conclusion, the cotton yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of drip irrigation were higher and the apparent loss of soil nitrogen was lower under the condition of slow release urea accounting for 50% of total nitrogen as base fertilizer.
【作者单位】： 石河子大学农学院资源与环境科学系;新疆心连心能源化工有限公司;
【基金】：国际科技合作专项(2015DFA11660)
【分类号】：S153.6;S562
本文编号：2182433
[Abstract]:The effects of 50% and 100% basal application of slow-release urea on the distribution of inorganic nitrogen, accumulation, yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization and nitrogen balance in cotton field were studied, and it was determined whether slow-release urea could be applied to drip irrigation cotton. The suitable ratio of basal application was discussed. The results showed that the application of slow-release urea could significantly increase the contents of nitrate and ammonium in soil, and the contents of nitrate and ammonium in each slow-release urea treatment were 189.275.58% and 112.70% higher than that of no nitrogen application respectively. The accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in soil under fertilization treatment showed enrichment phenomenon, but the negative accumulation effect was observed in the treatment without nitrogen application. The content of inorganic nitrogen in soil decreased with the increase of the ratio of basal application, while the apparent loss of soil nitrogen and the surplus amount of nitrogen decreased first and then increased with the increase of the ratio of basal application. The yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and agronomic efficiency of cotton increased first and then decreased with the increase of the proportion of slow-release urea, and the yield was increased by increasing boll number per plant or boll weight per plant. In conclusion, the cotton yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of drip irrigation were higher and the apparent loss of soil nitrogen was lower under the condition of slow release urea accounting for 50% of total nitrogen as base fertilizer.
【作者单位】： 石河子大学农学院资源与环境科学系;新疆心连心能源化工有限公司;
【基金】：国际科技合作专项(2015DFA11660)
【分类号】：S153.6;S562
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