基于分式析因（分辨度V）的沉积物吸附重金属和农药机理

发布时间：2018-08-15 11:36

【摘要】：为研究沉积物对水体中重金属和农药的吸附规律和污染物的复合污染特征,选用分辨度为V的210-3分式析因设计方法,通过多种建模方式(固定效应模型、多元线性回归模型和最佳子集回归模型),探究了十种污染物(铜、汞、铅、锌、镍、阿特拉津、马拉硫磷、扑草净、甲霜灵、乐果)主效应及二阶交互作用的大小对重金属(镉、镍)和农药(甲霜灵、扑草净)竞争吸附的贡献。研究发现,十种污染物体系中,污染物的主效应对目标污染物镉在沉积物上的吸附起主导作用,根据效应值大小依次为镉、铜、铅、锌和乐果,其中镉自身浓度具显著协同作用,其他四种主效应皆具呈显著拮抗作用：二阶交互作用对镉在沉积物上的吸附影响不显著,二阶交互作用显著影响因子包括铜*锌(协同作用)、锌*镍(拮抗作用)；此外,二阶交互作用对目标污染物镍吸附规律的影响相对显著,贡献率为62%,显著二阶交互作用共有十四组,其中协同作用最显著的是阿特拉津*镉=1.8947,拮抗作用最显著的是乐果*阿特拉津=0.8179,根据效应值大小,对目标污染物镍在沉积物上的吸附有显著显影响的主效应因子依次为镍、甲霜灵、铅、镉、锌和铜,其中镍与甲霜灵具有显著协同作用,其他四种重金属污染物皆具有显著拮抗作用。上述规律说明,金属污染物的主效应都对沉积物吸附重金属均起到显著的拮抗作用。研究还发现,根据效应值大小,对目标污染物甲霜灵在沉积物上的吸附有明显影响的主效应因子依次为甲霜灵、铜和铅.其中甲霜灵自身浓度和铜具有显著协同作用,铅则呈现显著的拮抗作用；对目标污染物甲霜灵在沉积物上的吸附有显著影响的二阶交互作用贡献率为79%,说明二阶交互作用对于甲霜灵在沉积物上的吸附具有一定的主导作用,其中协同作用最显著的来源于阿特拉津*镉=0.10969,拮抗作用最显著的则来源于乐果*甲霜灵=-0.15383：二阶交互作用对目标污染物扑草净在沉积物上的吸附也有显著的影响,贡献率为70.9%,二阶交互作用因子共有十五组,其中协同作用最显著的源自于阿特拉津*铅,贡献率为5.3%,拮抗作用最显著的则源自于乐果*镉,贡献率为4.9%。因子主效应除重金属锌以外,其他主效应在一定程度上都对扑草净在沉积物上的吸附有显著影响,其中铜对扑草净在沉积物上吸附协同作用最为显著,效应值达到0.15。
[Abstract]:In order to study the adsorption law of heavy metals and pesticides in water by sediment and the compound pollution characteristics of pollutants, a 210-3 factorial design method with a resolution of V was selected, and various modeling methods (fixed effect model) were used. Ten pollutants (copper, mercury, lead, zinc, nickel, atrazine, malathion, propofol, metalaxyl) were investigated by multivariate linear regression model and optimal subset regression model. The main effect and the second order interaction of dimethoate contribute to the competitive adsorption of heavy metals (cadmium, nickel) and pesticides (Metalaxyl, Puccinol). It is found that the main effects of pollutants play a leading role in the adsorption of cadmium on sediments in the ten pollutant systems, and according to the effect values of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and dimethoate, the order of effect is cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and dimethoate. Among them, cadmium concentration had significant synergistic effect, while the other four main effects showed significant antagonistic effect: the second order interaction had no significant effect on cadmium adsorption on sediment. The second order interaction factors include copper * zinc (synergistic), zinc * nickel (antagonism), and the second order interaction has a relatively significant effect on the nickel adsorption law of the target pollutant. The contribution rate was 62. There were 14 groups of significant second order interaction. The most significant synergistic effect was atrazine * cadmium 1.8947, and the antagonism was dimethoate * atrazine 0.8179, according to the effect value. Nickel, Metalaxyl, lead, cadmium, Zinc and Copper had significant effects on the adsorption of nickel on sediment, in which nickel and metalaxyl had a significant synergistic effect on the adsorption of nickel on sediment, and the main effect factors on the adsorption of nickel on sediment were nickel, Metalaxyl, lead, cadmium, zinc and copper, respectively. The other four heavy metal pollutants all had significant antagonistic effects. These results indicate that the main effects of metal pollutants play a significant role in antagonizing the adsorption of heavy metals by sediments. It was also found that according to the effect value, the main effect factors which had obvious influence on the adsorption of the target pollutant on sediment were Metalaxyl, copper and lead. Metalaxyl had significant synergistic effect with copper, while lead showed significant antagonism. The contribution rate of the second-order interaction to the adsorption of the target pollutant, Metalaxyl, on the sediment was 79%, which indicated that the second-order interaction played a leading role in the adsorption of Metalaxyl on the sediment. The most significant synergistic effect came from atrazine * cadmium 0.10969, and the most significant antagonism came from dimethoate * Metalaxyl -0.15383: the second order interaction also had a significant effect on the adsorption of the target pollutant Puccinol on the sediment. The contribution rate of the second order interaction factor was 70.9. Among them, the most significant synergistic effect was from atrazine * lead, the contribution rate was 5.3, and the most significant antagonism was from dimethoate * cadmium, with a contribution rate of 4.9%. Except for zinc, the other main effects had significant effect on the adsorption of Puccinellae on sediment to a certain extent, among which Cu had the most significant synergistic effect on the adsorption of Puccinol on sediment, and the effect value reached 0.15.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X592

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