国内外施肥机械的发展概况及需求分析

发布时间：2018-08-16 14:04

【摘要】：肥料是农业生产的基础物资,施肥机械是合理施用肥料的基本手段。本文分析了国外固体肥料施用机械的原理与发展情况,包括离心圆盘式撒肥机、桨叶式撒肥机、锤片式撒肥机、液体肥料施肥机械、变量施肥机械、灌溉施肥机械的发展应用情况,指出了大型化、智能化是目前国际施肥机械的发展方向。本文还分析了我国施肥机械的发展情况,我国除撒肥机外,很少有专用的施肥机械,播种施肥机在我国发展很快,主要有两大类,一类是圆盘式小麦播种施肥机,另一类是玉米播种施肥机。近年来灌溉施肥机械在我国发展很快,但使用较少。由于我国农业高度分散和高强度开发,施肥机械的研制难度大、成果转化率低。根据我国农业的发展趋势,提高肥料利用率、减少肥料损失的施肥机械是发展的重点,主要需求有肥料深施机械、追肥机械、变量施肥机械、近根施肥机械和液体肥料施肥机械等。
[Abstract]:Fertilizer is the basic material of agricultural production, and fertilizer machinery is the basic means of rational application of fertilizer. In this paper, the principle and development of solid fertilizer application machinery in foreign countries are analyzed, including centrifugal disc fertilizer applicator, paddle fertilizer applicator, hammer fertilizer applicator, liquid fertilizer application machine, variable rate fertilizer application machine, etc. The development and application of irrigation fertilizing machinery is pointed out, which is the development direction of international fertilization machinery at present. This paper also analyzes the development of fertilization machinery in China. Except fertilizer spreading machines, there are few special fertilization machines in our country. The sowing and fertilizing machines have developed rapidly in China, and there are two main categories, one is disc type wheat seeding and fertilizing machines, the other is disc type wheat seeding and fertilizing machines. The other kind is corn sowing and fertilizing machine. In recent years, irrigation and fertilization machinery has developed rapidly in China, but it is less used. Because of the highly dispersed and high intensity development of agriculture in China, it is difficult to develop fertilizer machinery and the conversion rate of results is low. According to the development trend of agriculture in China, it is the key point to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and reduce fertilizer loss. The main demand is fertilizer application machinery, topdressing machinery, variable fertilizer machinery. Near-root fertilization machinery and liquid fertilizer fertilization machinery and so on.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B02)
【分类号】：S224.2

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