减磷配施有机肥对水旱轮作紫色水稻土磷素淋失的消减效应

发布时间：2018-08-16 14:26

【摘要】：为探索长江流域稻油轮作系统水稻季减少农田磷素流失的最佳施肥模式和有效耕作措施,降低其对长江水质的威胁。采用渗漏池长期田间原位定点试验并结合室内实验分析,研究了化肥配施猪粪有机肥和水稻秸秆还田对土壤磷素淋溶迁移的影响。结果表明在水稻生长期内土壤淋溶水中磷素浓度随时间延长呈逐渐下降的趋势,前期波动幅度大且下降迅速,到55d之后逐步稳定达到平衡。总可溶性磷(TDP)是渗漏水磷素的主要形态。土壤淋溶水中总磷(TP)和总可溶性磷(TDP)含量均表现为优化施肥+猪粪有机肥(MP)优化施肥+秸秆还田(SP)优化施肥(P)优化施肥量磷减20%+猪粪有机肥(MDP)优化施肥量磷减20%+秸秆还田(SDP)不施磷肥(P0)。土壤总磷(TP)淋失负荷在0.295—0.493 kg/hm2之间。施用有机肥提高了淋溶水中的磷素含量,促进了土壤中磷素的淋失,同时显著提高了土壤中有效磷的含量,猪粪有机肥的促进作用比水稻秸秆大。减少化肥施用量有利于降低土壤磷素淋失。在综合考虑农业生产省本增效和控制农田面源污染的情况下,可以采取减量化肥配施有机肥的施肥模式。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the best fertilization mode and effective tillage measures to reduce phosphorus loss in rice field in rice tanker cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin, the threat to the water quality of the Yangtze River can be reduced. The effects of fertilizer combined with pig manure and rice straw on the leaching and migration of phosphorus in soil were studied by long-term field in situ fixed site experiment in leakage pool and laboratory experiment. The results showed that the concentration of phosphorus in soil leached water decreased gradually with the prolongation of time during the growing period of rice, the fluctuation range of the earlier stage was large and the decline was rapid, and the phosphorus concentration reached equilibrium gradually after 55 days. Total soluble phosphorus (TDP) is the main form of phosphorus in leaking water. The contents of total phosphorus (TP) and total soluble phosphorus (TDP) in soil leached water are as follows: optimized fertilization, pig manure, organic fertilizer, (MP), application of straw, returning to the field, optimum fertilization, (P), optimum fertilization, phosphorus reduction, 20% pig manure, organic fertilizer, (MDP), optimized fertilization, and phosphorus reduction, 20%. No phosphorus fertilizer (P0) was applied to (SDP). The leaching load of total phosphorus (TP) in soil ranged from 0.295-0.493 kg/hm2. The application of organic fertilizer increased the phosphorus content in leaching water, promoted the leaching loss of phosphorus in soil, and significantly increased the content of available phosphorus in soil. The promoting effect of pig manure organic fertilizer was greater than that of rice straw. Reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer is beneficial to reduce the leaching loss of phosphorus in soil. Under the condition of synthetically considering the economization of agricultural production and the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, the fertilizer application mode of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying organic fertilizer can be adopted.
【作者单位】：重庆市农业技术推广总站;西南大学资源环境学院;辽宁省发展与改革委员会农业资源区划研究所;
【基金】：国家国际科技合作专项项目(2013DFG92520) 国家科技重大专项课题(2012ZX07104003) 西南大学中央高校基本科研业务专项(XDJK2013D005)
【分类号】：S158

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