耕作及秸秆还田对辽南地区土壤水分及春玉米水分利用效率的影响

发布时间：2018-08-16 19:00

【摘要】：为探讨辽南地区雨养春玉米种植适宜的土壤耕作与秸秆还田模式,于2011~2014年进行了为期4年的田间小区试验,研究了3种耕作措施(普通旋耕20cm、隔年深松和隔年深翻30cm)与3种秸秆还田方式(无秸秆还田、秸秆隔年还田和秸秆连年还田)相结合,连续进行4年后对土壤水分特征及春玉米水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:不同处理对土壤蓄水能力和水分利用效率的提高作用,总体上以秸秆连年还田秸秆隔年还田无秸秆还田,深翻深松普通旋耕,且深翻与秸秆连年还田相结合效果显著。与普通旋耕无秸秆还田处理(P)相比,深翻+秸秆连年还田处理(SMSR2)显著地促进了土壤蓄水能力和水分利用效率的提高,0~60cm土层土壤含水量提高5.93%;0~100cm土层土壤贮水量提高31.69%;玉米拔节期叶片水分利用效率提高45.27%,抽雄开花期提高44.16%;SMSR2处理与其他处理相比,显著降低了玉米生育期土壤耗水量,水分利用效率显著提高。深松+秸秆连年还田处理(SSR2)也可明显改善土壤的蓄水能力和水分利用效率,但其效果稍逊于SMSR2处理。因此,秸秆连年还田结合隔年深耕能有效改善土壤蓄水保墒能力,是适合辽南地区雨养条件下春玉米种植的一种科学耕作和培肥方式,当地可根据实际情况加以应用。
[Abstract]:In order to study the suitable soil tillage and straw return model for spring maize planting in southern Liaoning Province, a field plot experiment was conducted for 4 years from 2011 to 2014. Three kinds of tillage measures (ordinary rotary tillage 20 cm, alternate year deep loosening and alternate year deep turning 30cm) and three kinds of straw returning methods (no straw returning, straw returning every other year and straw returning to the field) were studied. Effects of four consecutive years on soil moisture characteristics and Water use efficiency of Spring Maize. The results showed that the effects of different treatments on soil water storage capacity and water use efficiency were improved. And the combination of deep rotation and straw returning to the field in successive years has a remarkable effect. Compared with conventional rotary tillage without straw returning (P), SMSR2 significantly improved soil water storage capacity and water use efficiency (Wue) in the soil layer of 60cm soil layer, increased soil water storage capacity by 5.93C / 100cm soil layer and increased leaf water use efficiency (Wue) by 31.6995% during jointing stage of maize. 45.27, the anthesis period increased 44.16%, SMSR2 treatment compared with other treatments, Soil water consumption and water use efficiency were significantly decreased in maize growing period. The soil water storage capacity and water use efficiency were improved obviously by SSR2, but the effect was less than that of SMSR2 treatment. Therefore, the ability of soil water storage and soil moisture conservation can be effectively improved by returning straw to the field every other year combined with deep tillage every other year. It is a scientific tillage and fertilizer cultivation method suitable for spring maize cultivation under rain conditions in southern Liaoning Province, which can be applied according to the actual situation.
【作者单位】：沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院;山东省东营市河口区农业局;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B05,2013BAD07B03)
【分类号】：S152.7;S513

【相似文献】