三种稻田常用农药对拟水狼蛛行为的影响
发布时间：2018-08-17 15:54
【摘要】：拟水狼蛛Pirata subpiraticus属蛛形纲狼蛛科,游猎于水稻中下部位,主要以飞虱、叶蝉等害虫为捕食对象。现阶段,化学农药仍然在稻田害虫治理体系中占据着主导地位,而拟水狼蛛作为水稻田间重要的控害天敌之一,同样受到化学农药的各方面影响。因此,科学评价化学农药是合理选用农药、保护田间天敌蜘蛛,并充分发挥其自然控害作用的重要环节。本研究以中国稻区蜘蛛优势种拟水狼蛛为研究对象,系统观察其繁殖行为的各阶段和自残捕食行为,并以稻田三种常用农药(阿维菌素、康宽、吡蚜酮)为供试药剂,研究其田间推荐剂量对拟水狼蛛繁殖行为、自残捕食行为的影响,具体结果如下：1、拟水狼蛛的行为拟水狼蛛的繁殖行为过程包括化学探索、求偶、交配、产卵、携卵、携幼等6个行为过程。化学探索行为是雄蛛用来判断雌蛛的位置和评价雌蛛的状态的过程,雌蛛评价雄蛛的过程是雄蛛的求偶过程。雄蛛化学探索和求偶时的行为活性是得到雌蛛接受交配的关键,雄蛛的化学探索平均可以持续(175±59)s,一次成功的求偶过程平均可以持续(7.2±2.7)s。整个交配过程平均持续(5.9±2.0)s,而交配后的自残率也是评价交配的指标之一,1h内的自残率为(38.9±9.6)%。产卵前期平均为(8.2+2.7)天,之后的产卵间隔期为(10.9±1.9)天。产卵行为一般可分为结垫状网、产卵、结覆盖网和封闭包装四个阶段。携卵历期平均为(9.9±0.9)天,单个卵囊孵化量为(27±11)头。食物丰富度可以显著延长携幼期时间。拟水狼蛛的自残行为模式可以分为雌蛛、雄蛛、携卵和携幼等四个时期的自残行为模式；捕食模式可分为游猎型和坐等型两种行为模式,并且拟水狼蛛对果蝇的日捕食量要显著高于对飞虱的日捕食量。2、稻田常用农药对拟水狼蛛繁殖行为的影响三种稻田常用农药对拟水狼蛛求偶、交配、产卵、孵化等阶段的影响各有不同。研究结果表明：田间推荐剂量的阿维菌素显著降低蜕皮15天后的拟水狼蛛交配时长,显著延长蜕皮10天和20天的拟水狼蛛产卵前期,并且对雄蛛单方面处理后同样显著延长雌蛛产卵前期：康宽显著降低蜕皮15天的拟水狼蛛交配时长、蜕皮20天后的求偶时长和交配时长,并且对雄蛛单方面处理后显著降低其交配时长；吡蚜酮显著降低蜕皮15天和20天后的蜘蛛交配时长。三种常用农药均显著降低交配后的自残率、卵囊孵化率,但对雄蛛重复求偶率和交配率无显著影响。3、稻田常用农药对拟水狼蛛自残捕食行为的影响研究结果表明：田间推荐剂量的阿维菌素显著降低30min内的攻击频次,显著延长雄蛛攻击潜伏期；康宽同样显著降低30min内的攻击频次,但对攻击潜伏期无显著影响；吡蚜酮仅显著降低雌蛛间的30min内攻击频次。雌蛛间的自残主要发生在5天内,而雄蛛间的自残则主要发生在10天以后；在阿维菌素和康宽的处理后,5天内的自残死亡率均出现了一定的提高,但在吡蚜酮处理后有一定的降低影响。三种稻田农药的田间推荐剂量均显著降低拟水狼蛛对果蝇捕食的攻击频次、捕食量及其活跃时长。
[Abstract]:Pirata subpiraticus, a member of the Arachnidae family, swims in the middle and lower parts of rice and mainly preys on insects such as planthoppers and leafhoppers. At present, chemical pesticides still play a dominant role in the pest control system in rice fields. As one of the important natural enemies of pest control in rice fields, Pirata subpiraticus is also subject to various chemical pesticides. Therefore, scientific evaluation of chemical pesticides is an important link in the rational selection of pesticides, the protection of natural enemies spiders, and the full play of their natural control role. Avermectin (Avermectin, Kangkuan, Pyrimidaclone) was used to study the effects of the recommended dosage on the reproductive behavior and self-destructive predation behavior of the tarantula. The results are as follows: 1. The reproductive behavior of the tarantula includes six behavioral processes: chemical exploration, courtship, mating, oviposition, carrying eggs and carrying young. In order to judge the position and state of female spiders, the evaluation of male spiders by female spiders is a courtship process of male spiders. The average duration of the whole mating process was (5.9 + 2.0) s. The self-mutilation rate after mating was also one of the indicators for evaluating mating. The self-mutilation rate within 1 hour was (38.9 + 9.6)%. The average pre-oviposition period was (8.2 + 2.7) days, and the interval after oviposition was (10.9 + 1.9) days. The average duration of carrying eggs was (9.9 65 The results showed that the recommended dose of abamectin had different effects on mating, mating, spawning and hatching stages of the three kinds of pesticides. After 15 days of molting, the mating time was significantly reduced, and the pre-oviposition period was significantly prolonged after 10 and 20 days of molting, and the pre-oviposition period was also significantly prolonged after unilateral treatment of male spiders: Kangkuan significantly reduced the mating time of female spiders after 15 days of molting, mating time and mating time after 20 days of molting. After unilateral treatment, the mating time of spiders was significantly reduced, and the mating time of spiders was significantly reduced after 15 and 20 days of molting by pymetrozine. The results showed that the recommended dosage of abamectin significantly decreased the attack frequency within 30 minutes and prolonged the attack latency of male spiders; Kangkuan also significantly reduced the attack frequency within 30 minutes, but had no significant effect on the attack latency; Pymetrozine only significantly reduced the attack frequency within 30 minutes among female spiders. The self-mutilation of male spiders occurred within 5 days, but mainly after 10 days. After treatment with abamectin and kangkuan, the mortality of self-mutilation increased to a certain extent, but decreased to a certain extent after treatment with pyramidine. Frequency of attack, food intake and active time.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S476.2;S481
本文编号：2188149
[Abstract]:Pirata subpiraticus, a member of the Arachnidae family, swims in the middle and lower parts of rice and mainly preys on insects such as planthoppers and leafhoppers. At present, chemical pesticides still play a dominant role in the pest control system in rice fields. As one of the important natural enemies of pest control in rice fields, Pirata subpiraticus is also subject to various chemical pesticides. Therefore, scientific evaluation of chemical pesticides is an important link in the rational selection of pesticides, the protection of natural enemies spiders, and the full play of their natural control role. Avermectin (Avermectin, Kangkuan, Pyrimidaclone) was used to study the effects of the recommended dosage on the reproductive behavior and self-destructive predation behavior of the tarantula. The results are as follows: 1. The reproductive behavior of the tarantula includes six behavioral processes: chemical exploration, courtship, mating, oviposition, carrying eggs and carrying young. In order to judge the position and state of female spiders, the evaluation of male spiders by female spiders is a courtship process of male spiders. The average duration of the whole mating process was (5.9 + 2.0) s. The self-mutilation rate after mating was also one of the indicators for evaluating mating. The self-mutilation rate within 1 hour was (38.9 + 9.6)%. The average pre-oviposition period was (8.2 + 2.7) days, and the interval after oviposition was (10.9 + 1.9) days. The average duration of carrying eggs was (9.9 65 The results showed that the recommended dose of abamectin had different effects on mating, mating, spawning and hatching stages of the three kinds of pesticides. After 15 days of molting, the mating time was significantly reduced, and the pre-oviposition period was significantly prolonged after 10 and 20 days of molting, and the pre-oviposition period was also significantly prolonged after unilateral treatment of male spiders: Kangkuan significantly reduced the mating time of female spiders after 15 days of molting, mating time and mating time after 20 days of molting. After unilateral treatment, the mating time of spiders was significantly reduced, and the mating time of spiders was significantly reduced after 15 and 20 days of molting by pymetrozine. The results showed that the recommended dosage of abamectin significantly decreased the attack frequency within 30 minutes and prolonged the attack latency of male spiders; Kangkuan also significantly reduced the attack frequency within 30 minutes, but had no significant effect on the attack latency; Pymetrozine only significantly reduced the attack frequency within 30 minutes among female spiders. The self-mutilation of male spiders occurred within 5 days, but mainly after 10 days. After treatment with abamectin and kangkuan, the mortality of self-mutilation increased to a certain extent, but decreased to a certain extent after treatment with pyramidine. Frequency of attack, food intake and active time.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S476.2;S481
【相似文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 李剑泉,沈佐锐,赵志模,罗雁婕;拟水狼蛛的生物学生态学特性[J];生态学报;2002年09期
2 张征田;夏敏;彭宇;杜瑞卿;;河南南阳不同生境土壤重金属含量及其对拟水狼蛛生物学特性的影响[J];昆虫学报;2009年09期
3 张征田;余明玉;庞振凌;夏敏;杜瑞卿;杨方方;彭宇;;重金属Cd~(2+)对拟水狼蛛体内金属硫蛋白含量及其生长发育的影响[J];昆虫学报;2011年03期
4 张征田;张广铎;张虎成;庞振凌;王庆林;夏敏;;拟水狼蛛对食物中镉的吸收和排泄及生物学响应[J];生态学报;2012年05期
5 彭宇,胡萃,赵敬钊;拟水狼蛛染色体的初步观察[J];浙江农业大学学报;1998年03期
6 俞晓平,郑许松,徐红星,吕仲贤,陈建明,陶林勇;拟水狼蛛在水稻与茭白田之间的转移[J];昆虫学报;2002年05期
7 张征田;庞振凌;梁子安;彭宇;杜瑞卿;;重金属在拟水狼蛛体内的分布及对其体内抗氧化酶活性的影响[J];昆虫学报;2010年06期
8 李国生,徐建祥,吴进才,王建中,程家安;除草剂对拟水狼蛛生长发育及捕食功能的影响[J];江苏农业研究;2000年04期
9 周祖铭;李菊燕;;湖南安仁地区稻田主要蜘蛛的发生及拟水狼蛛主要生物学特性研究[J];动物学杂志;1993年02期
10 张征田;庞振凌;夏敏;梁子安;杜瑞卿;彭宇;;镉污染对不同生境拟水狼蛛氧化酶和金属硫蛋白应激的影响[J];生态学报;2011年16期
相关会议论文 前1条
1 俞晓平;郑许松;徐红星;吕仲贤;陈建明;陶林勇;;拟水狼蛛在两种生境间的迁移规律[A];走向21世纪的中国昆虫学——中国昆虫学会2000年学术年会论文集[C];2000年
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 姚成志;三种稻田常用农药对拟水狼蛛行为的影响[D];扬州大学;2016年
2 王丹丹;稻田几种常用杀虫剂对拟水狼蛛的亚致死效应[D];扬州大学;2012年
3 吕志跃;稻田生态系统水稻—飞虱—拟水狼蛛间能量流动研究[D];湖南师范大学;2002年
，本文编号：2188149
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/nykj/2188149.html
