长期施肥下红壤性水稻土有效磷的演变特征及对磷平衡的响应

发布时间：2018-08-18 07:43

【摘要】：【目的】分析长期不同施肥下土壤有效磷含量、全磷含量、土壤磷素盈亏和磷素活化效率(PAC)的动态变化,探讨不同施肥下水稻土磷素演变特征及与磷平衡的响应关系。【方法】基于1982年开始的红壤性水稻土长期不同施肥定位试验,试验包括不施肥(CK)、有机肥(牛粪,M)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、氮磷钾肥+有机肥(NPKM)、氮磷肥+有机肥(NPM)、氮钾肥+有机肥(NKM)和磷钾肥+有机肥(PKM)共7个处理。【结果】经过30年不同施肥,土壤有效磷含量均呈上升趋势。M、NKM、NPK、NPM、NPKM和PKM处理土壤有效磷含量变化速率分别为0.18、0.20、0.83、1.35、1.46和1.62 mg·kg~(-1)·a~(-1)。M、NPK、PKM、NPM和NPKM处理土壤全磷增加速率分别约为4.3、15.4、16.0、18.3和22.9 mg·kg~(-1)·a~(-1)。所有施肥处理,土壤中磷素均有盈余,磷素盈余量与土壤有效磷增加量呈显著正相关关系(P0.05),土壤中每盈余100 kg P·hm~(-2),M、NKM、NPM、NPKM、PKM和NPK6个处理的土壤有效磷含量分别增加0.4、0.7、1.9、2.1、2.2和3.2 mg·kg~(-1)。在土壤中磷素盈余量接近的情况下,单施化肥(NPK)的PAC显著高于单施有机肥(M)处理(P0.05)。【结论】化学磷肥和有机肥配施相比单施化肥或有机肥能够显著提高红壤性水稻土土壤有效磷、全磷含量和磷素活化效率。
[Abstract]:[objective] to analyze the dynamic changes of soil available phosphorus content, total phosphorus content, soil phosphorus profit and loss and phosphorus activation efficiency (PAC) under long-term fertilization. The characteristics of phosphorus evolution in paddy soil under different fertilization conditions and its response to phosphorus balance were studied. [methods] based on the long-term different fertilization localization experiment of red soil paddy soil, which began in 1982, the relationship between phosphorus evolution and phosphorus balance was studied. The experiment included seven treatments: no fertilization of (CK), organic fertilizer (cow manure M), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (NPK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, organic fertilizer (NPKM), nitrogen, potassium fertilizer, organic fertilizer (NPM), nitrogen, potassium fertilizer, organic fertilizer (NKM) and phosphate potassium fertilizer organic fertilizer (PKM). [results] after 30 years of different fertilization, The change rate of available phosphorus content in soil treated with PKM was 0.180.20 ~ 0.33 ~ (-1) a ~ (-1) 1.46 and 1.62 mg kg ~ (-1) a ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1). The increasing rate of total phosphorus under NPKM treatment was about 4.3mg kg-1 ~ (-1) and 22.9 mg kg ~ (-1) a ~ (-1), respectively. Under all fertilization treatments, there was a significant positive correlation between the amount of phosphorus surplus and the increase of available phosphorus (P0.05). The soil available phosphorus contents of NPKM and NPK6 treatments increased by 0.40.71.92.1kg. and 3.2 mg kg-1, respectively. When the amount of phosphorus surplus in the soil is close to that in the soil, The PAC of (NPK) was significantly higher than that of (M) (P0.05). [conclusion] compared with chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer, the available phosphorus, total phosphorus content and phosphorus activation efficiency in red soil paddy soil can be significantly increased by chemical phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer. [conclusion] Chemical phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer can significantly increase the available phosphorus, total phosphorus content and phosphorus activation efficiency of paddy soil in red soil.
【作者单位】：湖南农业大学资源环境学院;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室;中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站/祁阳农田生态系统国家野外试验站;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD05B05) 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030,201103005)
【分类号】：S153.6

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