浙江宁波常绿阔叶林演替对土壤碳库结构的影响
发布时间：2018-08-19 10:11
【摘要】：工业革命以来,人类的活动对全球生态系统碳循环过程产生了深远影响。作为生物地球化学碳循环中周转最慢的碳库,土壤碳库结构及其动态变化对全球碳平衡具有直接影响。研究者虽重视演替过程中土壤的碳库动态,但是仍然缺少对土壤碳库结构演替动态的探索。本研究选择浙江宁波地区的3个次生演替序列,每个演替序列包括前期、中期及后期共三个群落。为了阐明森林土壤碳库构成演替动态的生态学机制,于2013至2014年间,分别测定土壤总有机碳及土壤活性炭库组分(可矿化碳、微生物量碳、可溶性有机碳和易氧化碳)。同时,在各样地设立凋落物收集框,每月月底采集凋落物并测定其凋落量及碳含量；于每季度采集地表枯落物及地下细根,并测其生物量及碳含量。最后,结合凋落物、细根、腐殖质以及土壤有机碳各组分的化学结构特征,分析土壤有机碳库的影响机制。结果表明：(1)在常绿阔叶林次生演替过程中,土壤有机碳含量显著上升(P0.05),即：前期(Ⅰ)中期(Ⅱ[)后期(Ⅲ)(P0.05)；但土壤容重则显著降低(P0.05)。另外,演替前期的土壤有机碳储量显著低于中期和后期(P0.05),但后两者之间并不存在显著差异(P0.05)。(2)随着常绿阔叶林次生演替的进行,土壤的可矿化碳、微生物量碳、可溶性碳及易氧化碳含量由低到高皆表现为：前期、中期、后期,呈显著上升趋势(P0.05)。其中,前期的土壤可矿化碳和微生物量碳含量显著低于中期和后期(P0.05),但后两者之间差异并不显著(P0.05)。对各组分碳库储量分析后发现,土壤活性碳库组分对演替的响应不同。前期群落的土壤可矿化碳、可溶性碳和易氧化碳储量均显著低于中期和后期(P0.05)。其中,中期和后期的土壤可矿化碳储量之间差异并不显著(P0.05)；后期群落的土壤可溶性碳储量显著低于中期(P0.05)；易氧化碳储量则正好相反,演替后期显著高于中期(P0.05)。随演替进行,可矿化碳/土壤有机碳与微生物量碳/土壤有机碳在相邻演替阶段之间并没有显著差异(P0.05)。同时,演替前期阶段的可溶性碳/土壤有机碳显著高于后期群落(P0.05),但相邻演替阶段群落的土壤可溶性碳/土壤有机碳之间差异并不显著(P0.05)。此外,常绿阔叶林次生演替导致了土壤易氧化碳/可溶性碳/土壤有机碳比值的显著升高(P0.05)。(3)随演替进行,常绿阔叶林凋落物年凋落量显著增加(P0.05),由演替前期的7.48 t.hm-2增加到后期的12.71 t.hm-2。而对于凋落物的碳含量,则表现为后期群落显著高于前期和中期(P0.05),但后两者之间差异并不显著(P0.05)。与凋落物年凋落量的变化趋势一致,演替导致了凋落物碳储量显著升高(P0.05),其中演替后期群落的凋落物碳储量达到最高值(5.686 t-hm-2)。常绿阔叶林地表枯枝落叶层生物量在演替过程中显著降低(P0.05),由演替前期的20.75 t·hm-2减少到后期的13.18 t.hm-2。中期的枯落物层碳含量显著高于初期群落(P0.05),但相邻演替阶段之间并不存在显著差异(P0.05)。与此相同,凋落物碳储量在相邻演替阶段之间也不存在显著差异(P0.05),但前期群落的枯落物层碳储量显著高于后期(P0.05)。在常绿阔叶林次生演替过程中,细根生物量由演替前期的0.79 t.hm-2显著增加到后期的2.83 t·hm-2(P0.05),但细根的碳含量却随演替显著降低(P0.05)。此外,前期群落的细根碳储量显著低于中期和后期(P0.05),但中期和后期群落之间差异并不显著(P0.05)。(4)土壤有机碳的烷基碳/烷氧碳和疏水碳/亲水碳随演替进行而趋于升高,同时,其芳香度趋于降低。不同演替阶段中,凋落物和细根的烷基碳及羧基碳所占比例显著低于腐殖质及土壤(P0.05),而烷氧碳和芳香碳则正好相反。烷基碳/烷氧碳及疏水碳/亲水碳两个比值,在凋落物及细根中显著低于腐殖质和土壤(P0.05)。(5)根据Pearson相关分析,土壤有机碳储量与各活性碳库均显著正相关(P0.05)。凋落物年凋落量及其碳储量、细根生物量及其碳储量均与土壤有机碳储量呈显著正相关(P0.05),而作为地上凋落物归还土壤中转站的地表枯落物正好相反,其总生物量及碳储量均与土壤有机碳储量呈显著负相关(P0.05)。另外,凋落物、细根、腐殖质及土壤的有机碳芳香度均与SOC储量呈相关性不显著(P0.05)。(6)通过对土壤有机碳库的影响机制的路径分析表明,常绿阔叶林次生演替对土壤碳库有直接影响效应,同时也通过影响植被归还和土壤活性碳库对土壤碳库产生间接作用。综合来看,常绿阔叶林演替过程中,外因变量可以共同解释土壤SOC变化的65%。综上所述,在常绿阔叶林中,演替增加了植被的碳输入以及土壤活性有机碳组分,进而促进了土壤有机碳库的积累。
[Abstract]:Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have had a profound impact on the global carbon cycle. As the slowest turnover carbon pool in the biogeochemical carbon cycle, soil carbon pool structure and its dynamic changes have a direct impact on the global carbon balance. In order to elucidate the ecological mechanism of the succession dynamics of forest soil carbon pool, soil total organic carbon (TOC) and soil activated carbon (SOC) were determined from 2013 to 2014 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. Litter collection boxes were set up at the end of each month to collect litter and determine its litter and carbon content; litter on the ground and fine roots in the ground were collected quarterly, and their biomass and carbon content were measured. Finally, litter, fine roots and humus were combined. The results showed that: (1) During the secondary succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest, the content of soil organic carbon increased significantly (P 0.05), that is, in the early (I) middle (II [) late (III) (P 0.05); but soil bulk density decreased significantly (P 0.05). Soil organic carbon storage in the early stage was significantly lower than that in the middle and late stages (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the latter two stages (P 0.05). (2) With the secondary succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest, soil mineralizable carbon, microbial biomass carbon, soluble carbon and easily oxidized carbon content from low to high showed a significant upward trend in the early, middle and late stages (P 0.05). The contents of soil mineralizable carbon and microbial biomass carbon in the early stage were significantly lower than those in the middle and late stages (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between them (P 0.05). Among them, there was no significant difference between the soil mineralizable carbon reserves in the middle and late stages (P 0.05); the soil soluble carbon reserves in the late stages of the community were significantly lower than those in the middle stage (P 0.05); the readily oxidized carbon reserves were on the contrary, and the readily oxidized carbon reserves in the late succession were significantly higher than those in the middle stage (P 0.05). There was no significant difference between soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon/soil organic carbon in adjacent succession stages (P 0.05). Meanwhile, the soluble carbon/soil organic carbon in early succession stage was significantly higher than that in late succession stage (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between soil soluble carbon and soil organic carbon in adjacent succession stage (P 0.05). Secondary succession of leaf forest led to a significant increase in the ratio of soil easily oxidized carbon to soluble carbon to soil organic carbon (P 0.05). (3) With succession, the annual litter of evergreen broad-leaved forest increased significantly (P 0.05), from 7.48 t.hm-2 in the early succession to 12.71 t.hm-2 in the late succession. It was higher than that in the early and middle stages (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the latter (P 0.05). It was consistent with the change trend of litter annual litter. Succession led to a significant increase in litter carbon storage (P 0.05), in which the litter carbon storage reached the highest value (5.686 t-hm-2) in the late succession. The litter carbon content in the middle stage was significantly higher than that in the early stage (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between adjacent succession stages (P 0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference between adjacent succession stages (P In the secondary succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest, fine root biomass increased significantly from 0.79 t.hm-2 in the early succession to 2.83 t.hm-2 in the late succession (P 0.05), but the carbon content of fine root decreased significantly with succession (P 0.05). (4) Alkyl carbon / alkoxy carbon and hydrophobic carbon / hydrophilic carbon of soil organic carbon tended to increase with succession, and their aromaticity tended to decrease. In different succession stages, the proportion of alkyl carbon and carboxyl carbon in litter and fine root was significantly lower than that in rot. The ratios of alkyl carbon to alkoxy carbon and hydrophobic carbon to hydrophilic carbon were significantly lower in litter and fine root than those in humus and soil (P 0.05). (5) According to Pearson correlation analysis, soil organic carbon storage was positively correlated with active carbon pool (P 0.05). Carbon storage, fine root biomass and carbon storage were significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon storage (P There was no significant correlation between the aromaticity of organic carbon and SOC storage (P 0.05). (6) Path analysis showed that secondary succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest had a direct effect on soil carbon pool, and indirect effect on soil carbon pool by affecting vegetation return and soil active carbon pool. External variables account for 65% of the SOC variation during the succession of green broad-leaved forests. In conclusion, in evergreen broad-leaved forests, succession increases the carbon input of vegetation and soil active organic carbon components, thereby promoting the accumulation of soil organic carbon pool.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714
本文编号：2191350
[Abstract]:Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have had a profound impact on the global carbon cycle. As the slowest turnover carbon pool in the biogeochemical carbon cycle, soil carbon pool structure and its dynamic changes have a direct impact on the global carbon balance. In order to elucidate the ecological mechanism of the succession dynamics of forest soil carbon pool, soil total organic carbon (TOC) and soil activated carbon (SOC) were determined from 2013 to 2014 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. Litter collection boxes were set up at the end of each month to collect litter and determine its litter and carbon content; litter on the ground and fine roots in the ground were collected quarterly, and their biomass and carbon content were measured. Finally, litter, fine roots and humus were combined. The results showed that: (1) During the secondary succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest, the content of soil organic carbon increased significantly (P 0.05), that is, in the early (I) middle (II [) late (III) (P 0.05); but soil bulk density decreased significantly (P 0.05). Soil organic carbon storage in the early stage was significantly lower than that in the middle and late stages (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the latter two stages (P 0.05). (2) With the secondary succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest, soil mineralizable carbon, microbial biomass carbon, soluble carbon and easily oxidized carbon content from low to high showed a significant upward trend in the early, middle and late stages (P 0.05). The contents of soil mineralizable carbon and microbial biomass carbon in the early stage were significantly lower than those in the middle and late stages (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between them (P 0.05). Among them, there was no significant difference between the soil mineralizable carbon reserves in the middle and late stages (P 0.05); the soil soluble carbon reserves in the late stages of the community were significantly lower than those in the middle stage (P 0.05); the readily oxidized carbon reserves were on the contrary, and the readily oxidized carbon reserves in the late succession were significantly higher than those in the middle stage (P 0.05). There was no significant difference between soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon/soil organic carbon in adjacent succession stages (P 0.05). Meanwhile, the soluble carbon/soil organic carbon in early succession stage was significantly higher than that in late succession stage (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between soil soluble carbon and soil organic carbon in adjacent succession stage (P 0.05). Secondary succession of leaf forest led to a significant increase in the ratio of soil easily oxidized carbon to soluble carbon to soil organic carbon (P 0.05). (3) With succession, the annual litter of evergreen broad-leaved forest increased significantly (P 0.05), from 7.48 t.hm-2 in the early succession to 12.71 t.hm-2 in the late succession. It was higher than that in the early and middle stages (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the latter (P 0.05). It was consistent with the change trend of litter annual litter. Succession led to a significant increase in litter carbon storage (P 0.05), in which the litter carbon storage reached the highest value (5.686 t-hm-2) in the late succession. The litter carbon content in the middle stage was significantly higher than that in the early stage (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between adjacent succession stages (P 0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference between adjacent succession stages (P In the secondary succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest, fine root biomass increased significantly from 0.79 t.hm-2 in the early succession to 2.83 t.hm-2 in the late succession (P 0.05), but the carbon content of fine root decreased significantly with succession (P 0.05). (4) Alkyl carbon / alkoxy carbon and hydrophobic carbon / hydrophilic carbon of soil organic carbon tended to increase with succession, and their aromaticity tended to decrease. In different succession stages, the proportion of alkyl carbon and carboxyl carbon in litter and fine root was significantly lower than that in rot. The ratios of alkyl carbon to alkoxy carbon and hydrophobic carbon to hydrophilic carbon were significantly lower in litter and fine root than those in humus and soil (P 0.05). (5) According to Pearson correlation analysis, soil organic carbon storage was positively correlated with active carbon pool (P 0.05). Carbon storage, fine root biomass and carbon storage were significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon storage (P There was no significant correlation between the aromaticity of organic carbon and SOC storage (P 0.05). (6) Path analysis showed that secondary succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest had a direct effect on soil carbon pool, and indirect effect on soil carbon pool by affecting vegetation return and soil active carbon pool. External variables account for 65% of the SOC variation during the succession of green broad-leaved forests. In conclusion, in evergreen broad-leaved forests, succession increases the carbon input of vegetation and soil active organic carbon components, thereby promoting the accumulation of soil organic carbon pool.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714
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