干旱区长期膜下滴灌农田耕层土壤盐分变化

发布时间：2018-08-19 10:39

【摘要】：新疆地处干旱地区,水资源短缺,膜下滴灌作为有效的节水灌溉技术在新疆农业生产中广泛使用。但新疆同时是盐碱化普遍发生的地区,采用滴灌技术后,传统灌溉的灌溉洗盐过程随之消失,且该地区灌溉水矿化度较高,对土壤盐分有一定的补充作用,因此滴灌技术虽然节水增产效果明显,但长期滴灌可能导致土壤盐分积累,降低土壤质量。通过监测一个长期膜下滴灌、面积约为224 km2的农场15a农田土壤盐分含量,对长期膜下滴灌土壤盐分含量的变化进行研究,研究结果可为膜下滴灌土壤盐分管理提供科学依据。以位于新疆北部玛纳斯河流域的新疆生产建设兵团第八师147团农田为研究对象,通过收集该团场自1996年至2010年记录的农田耕层盐分和养分指标的分析数据,利用统计学知识及地理信息系统技术,对不同滴灌年限下土壤耕层盐分变异特征及土壤耕层盐分与其他土壤指标的相关性进行研究。研究表明:(1)在滴灌的第一个3年周期内,土壤耕层盐分平均含量从3.13 g kg-1降低至3.00 g kg-1,降幅达4.2%,但经12年滴灌年限,土壤耕层盐分从3.13 g kg-1升高至4.81 g kg-1,升高了53.7%;(2)在五个监测周期(15 a)内,土壤盐分含量明显上升,研究区土壤耕层盐分含量集中分布在4~10 g kg-1,土壤耕层多为中度盐化土和重度盐化土;(3)长期膜下滴灌导致土壤耕层盐分发生重新分配,全团范围内农田盐分含量分布接近正态分布。本研究条件下,长期膜下滴灌会造成土壤耕层盐分积累,滴灌水携带的盐分对土壤盐分有一定的补充作用;采用2~3年进行一次大水洗盐以及培肥土壤、提高土壤有机质含量对防止滴灌土壤积盐具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is located in arid area and water resources are short. Drip irrigation under film is widely used in Xinjiang agricultural production as an effective water-saving irrigation technology. However, Xinjiang is also an area where salinization occurs generally. After adopting drip irrigation technology, the process of salt washing in traditional irrigation disappears, and the salinity of irrigation water in this area is high, which has a certain supplementary effect on soil salinity. Therefore, although drip irrigation technology has obvious effect on saving water and increasing yield, long-term drip irrigation may lead to soil salt accumulation and reduce soil quality. By monitoring the soil salt content in a long-term drip irrigation field with an area of about 224 km2 for 15 years, the changes of soil salt content under long-term drip irrigation were studied. The results can provide scientific basis for soil salt management under film drip irrigation. Taking the 147th regiment farmland of the eighth Division of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps in the Manas River Basin in the north of Xinjiang as the research object, the paper collected the analysis data of salt and nutrient index of cultivated land recorded from 1996 to 2010 in Xinjiang production and Construction Corps. Based on statistical knowledge and geographic information system (GIS), the characteristics of salt variation in soil tillage layer and the correlation between salt content of soil tilling layer and other soil indexes under different drip irrigation years were studied. The results showed that: (1) during the first 3-year period of drip irrigation, the average salt content of soil tilling layer decreased from 3.13 g kg-1 to 3.00 g kg-1, a decrease of 4.2g 路kg -1, but after 12 years of drip irrigation, The salt content of the topsoil increased from 3.13 g / kg-1 to 4.81 g / kg ~ (-1), and (2) during the five monitoring periods (15 years), the salt content of the soil increased significantly. In the study area, the salt content in the cultivated layer was concentrated at 4 ~ 10 g 路kg ~ (-1), and the soil tilling layer was mostly medium salinized soil and heavy salinized soil. (3) Long-term drip irrigation under film resulted in the redistribution of salt in the soil tillage layer. The distribution of salt content in the whole cluster was close to normal distribution. Under the condition of this study, long-term drip irrigation under film will lead to the accumulation of salt in the soil tillage layer, and the salt carried by drip irrigation water can supplement the salt content of the soil to some extent, and the salt washing and fertilizing soil should be carried out once for 2 ~ 3 years. Increasing the content of soil organic matter plays an important role in preventing the accumulation of salt in drip irrigation soil.
【作者单位】：石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室;新疆生产建设兵团第八师一四七团;新疆农垦科学院科技信息研究所;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201808) 国家自然科学基金项目(31471947)资助~~
【分类号】：S156.4;S275.6

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