丛枝菌根与植物共生提取钴处理土壤中钴的应用研究
发布时间：2018-08-20 10:00
【摘要】：放射性核素钴进入土壤会造成生态环境污染,对人类的生存环境构成极大的威胁,其有效治理已成为亟待解决的问题。植物修复技术是目前比较经济、简便、绿色的修复技术,而植物接种丛枝菌根真菌可以作为提高植物修复效率的一种有效方法。以番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)和向日葵(Helianthus annuus)为试验材料,采用盆栽方式,研究4种丛枝菌根真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、地球囊霉(Glomus geosporum)、地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)、透光球囊霉(Glomus diaphanum)及其组合(Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme、Glomus geosporum+Glomus diaphanum)在不同程度钴污染土壤中(20、40、60 mg/kg)对两种植物生长及钴吸收、转运和富集的影响,以期为提高植物修复效率提供一定的理论依据和技术途径。研究结果表明:(1)在不同程度钴处理土壤中接种丛枝菌根真菌对植物侵染及依赖的情况表明,钴胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌均可与植物根系形成稳定的菌根。随着钴浓度的升高,植物侵染率无明显变化,依赖性呈现先升高后降低趋势;菌根侵染率及依赖性规律为:混合接种单一接种自然接种,其中番茄根系的侵染率在30%-45%,向日葵根系的侵染率在30%-40%左右,且侵染率及依赖性均表现为接种混合菌种摩西球囊霉和地表球囊霉(Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme)达到最大。(2)丛枝菌根真菌在轻度钴处理土壤中(外源钴浓度20mg/kg)对植物生长和修复效果的影响比较研究表明,丛枝菌根真菌处理均能促进植物生长,菌根促生效应表现为:混合菌种单一菌种,当接种Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme时,番茄、向日葵单株干重都达到最大,分别为9.90、11.87g,是自然接种的2.63、2.55倍。其次,接种丛枝菌根真菌能够提高两种植物对钴的吸收和富集能力。番茄接种Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme单株钴积累量达到最高,为362.68μg,是自然接种的3.23倍,同时单株富集系数也显著高于对照;向日葵接种Glomus geosporum+Glomus diaphanum单株钴积累量达到最大140.53μg,是自然接种的3.09倍,且单株富集系数为最大,是自然接种的1.67倍。因此,本试验番茄接种Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme、向日葵接种Glomus geosporum+Glomus diaphanum为修复钴污染土壤的适宜组合方案。(3)丛枝菌根真菌在中度钴处理土壤中(外源钴浓度40mg/kg)对植物生长和修复效果的影响比较研究表明,丛枝菌根真菌处理均能促进植物生长,菌根促生效应表现为:混合菌种单一菌种,当接种Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme时,番茄、向日葵单株干重都达到最大,分别为7.79、9.71g,是自然接种的2.03、1.57倍。其次,番茄接种丛枝菌根真菌能够提高对钴的吸收、转运与富集能力,转运系数和单株富集系数均显著高于对照,当接种Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme时,单株钴积累量达到最高,为365.21μg,是自然接种的2.14倍;向日葵接种丛枝菌根真菌能够提高对钴的吸收能力,也是接种Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme单株钴积累量达到最高,为267.63μg,是自然接种的2.53倍。因此,本试验番茄、向日葵接种Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme均为修复钴污染土壤的适宜组合方案。(4)丛枝菌根真菌在重度钴处理土壤中(外源钴浓度60mg/kg)对植物生长和修复效果的影响比较研究表明,丛枝菌根真菌处理均能促进植物生长,菌根促生效应表现为:混合菌种单一菌种,当接种Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme时,番茄、向日葵单株干重都达到最大,分别为6.74、7.87g,是自然接种的1.48、1.60倍。其次,接种丛枝菌根真菌能够提高两种植物对钴的吸收和富集能力。两种植物接种Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme单株钴积累量均达到最高,分别为436.00、132.09μg,是自然接种的1.87、1.66倍。因此,本试验番茄、向日葵接种Glomus mosseae+Glomus versiforme均为修复钴污染土壤的适宜组合方案。(5)在不同程度钴污染土壤中接种丛枝菌根真菌对植物生理生化特征的影响表明,钴胁迫下植物接种丛枝菌根真菌可以降低钴污染对细胞膜透性的损害,提高其抗逆性。在不同程度钴污染土壤中,随着钴浓度的升高,植物叶片的相对电导率增大,丙二醛含量上升,叶绿素a、b含量先升高后降低,叶片中抗过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性变化一致,呈现先升高后降低趋势;在相同程度钴污染土壤中,相对电导率大小与丙二醛含量均表现为:混合菌种单一菌种对照组;叶绿素含量、抗过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性为:混合菌种单一菌种对照组。
[Abstract]:Phytoremediation technology is an economical, simple and green remediation technology, and plant inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can be used as one of the methods to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation. The pot culture of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was used to study four kinds of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus geosporum, Glomus versiforme, Glomus diaphanum and their combinations (Glomus mosseae + Gl). The effects of OMUs versiform, Glomus geosporum + Glomus diaphanum (20,40,60 mg/kg) on the growth, cobalt uptake, transport and accumulation of two plants in different degrees of cobalt contaminated soils were studied in order to provide theoretical basis and technical approaches for improving phytoremediation efficiency. Mycorrhizal fungi could form stable mycorrhizal fungi with plant roots under cobalt stress. With the increase of cobalt concentration, the infection rate of plants did not change significantly, and the dependence of mycorrhizal fungi increased first and then decreased. The infection rate of tomato roots was 30% - 45%, and that of sunflower roots was 30% - 40%. The infection rate and dependence were the highest when inoculated with mixed strains of Glomus mosseae and Glomus versiforme. (2) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were planted in mild cobalt-treated soil (exogenous cobalt concentration 20mg/kg). The comparative study on the effects of biological growth and restoration showed that the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could promote plant growth, and the promotion effect of mycorrhizal fungi was as follows: single strain of mixed fungi, when inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus versiform, the dry weight of tomato and sunflower reached the maximum, respectively 9.90 and 11.87 g, which was 2.63 and 2.55 times as much as that of natural inoculation. The highest cobalt accumulation per plant inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus versiform was 362.68 ug, which was 3.23 times higher than that of natural inoculation, and the enrichment coefficient per plant inoculated with sunflower was significantly higher than that of control. Cobalt accumulation reached 140.53 ug, 3.09 times as much as that of natural inoculation, and the enrichment coefficient per plant was 1.67 times as much as that of natural inoculation. Therefore, glomus mosseae + glomus versiform and glomus geosporum + glomus diaphanum were suitable combinations for remediation of cobalt-contaminated soil. The comparative study on the effects of cobalt concentration (40mg/kg) on plant growth and restoration showed that the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could promote the growth of plants. The promotion of mycorrhizal effect should be shown as follows: a single strain of mixed fungi, when inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus version, the dry weight of tomato and sunflower reached the maximum. Secondly, the ability of absorption, transport and accumulation of cobalt in tomato inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was significantly higher than that of the control. When inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus version, the cobalt accumulation per plant reached the highest level, 365.21 ug, which was 2. The amount of cobalt accumulation per plant inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus version was the highest, 267.63 ug, which was 2.53 times that of natural inoculation. (4) The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and restoration of plants in severe cobalt-treated soils (exogenous cobalt concentration 60mg/kg) were compared. The results showed that the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could promote the growth of plants. The promotion effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of plants was as follows: a single species of mixed fungi was inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus versiform. The dry weight of sunflower was 6.74 and 7.87 g, respectively, which was 1.48 and 1.60 times higher than that of natural inoculation. Therefore, glomus mosseae + glomus versiform is a suitable combination for remediation of cobalt-contaminated soil. (5) The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on plant physiological and biochemical characteristics in cobalt-contaminated soils showed that plant inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could reduce the effects of cobalt pollution. The relative conductivity of leaves increased with the increase of cobalt concentration, the content of malondialdehyde increased, the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b increased first and then decreased, and the activities of anti-catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in leaves changed in the same way. In the same degree of cobalt contaminated soil, the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content were as follows: the control group of single strain of mixed bacteria; the chlorophyll content, anti-catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity were as follows: the control group of single strain of mixed bacteria.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6
本文编号：2193216
[Abstract]:Phytoremediation technology is an economical, simple and green remediation technology, and plant inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can be used as one of the methods to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation. The pot culture of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was used to study four kinds of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus geosporum, Glomus versiforme, Glomus diaphanum and their combinations (Glomus mosseae + Gl). The effects of OMUs versiform, Glomus geosporum + Glomus diaphanum (20,40,60 mg/kg) on the growth, cobalt uptake, transport and accumulation of two plants in different degrees of cobalt contaminated soils were studied in order to provide theoretical basis and technical approaches for improving phytoremediation efficiency. Mycorrhizal fungi could form stable mycorrhizal fungi with plant roots under cobalt stress. With the increase of cobalt concentration, the infection rate of plants did not change significantly, and the dependence of mycorrhizal fungi increased first and then decreased. The infection rate of tomato roots was 30% - 45%, and that of sunflower roots was 30% - 40%. The infection rate and dependence were the highest when inoculated with mixed strains of Glomus mosseae and Glomus versiforme. (2) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were planted in mild cobalt-treated soil (exogenous cobalt concentration 20mg/kg). The comparative study on the effects of biological growth and restoration showed that the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could promote plant growth, and the promotion effect of mycorrhizal fungi was as follows: single strain of mixed fungi, when inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus versiform, the dry weight of tomato and sunflower reached the maximum, respectively 9.90 and 11.87 g, which was 2.63 and 2.55 times as much as that of natural inoculation. The highest cobalt accumulation per plant inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus versiform was 362.68 ug, which was 3.23 times higher than that of natural inoculation, and the enrichment coefficient per plant inoculated with sunflower was significantly higher than that of control. Cobalt accumulation reached 140.53 ug, 3.09 times as much as that of natural inoculation, and the enrichment coefficient per plant was 1.67 times as much as that of natural inoculation. Therefore, glomus mosseae + glomus versiform and glomus geosporum + glomus diaphanum were suitable combinations for remediation of cobalt-contaminated soil. The comparative study on the effects of cobalt concentration (40mg/kg) on plant growth and restoration showed that the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could promote the growth of plants. The promotion of mycorrhizal effect should be shown as follows: a single strain of mixed fungi, when inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus version, the dry weight of tomato and sunflower reached the maximum. Secondly, the ability of absorption, transport and accumulation of cobalt in tomato inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was significantly higher than that of the control. When inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus version, the cobalt accumulation per plant reached the highest level, 365.21 ug, which was 2. The amount of cobalt accumulation per plant inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus version was the highest, 267.63 ug, which was 2.53 times that of natural inoculation. (4) The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and restoration of plants in severe cobalt-treated soils (exogenous cobalt concentration 60mg/kg) were compared. The results showed that the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could promote the growth of plants. The promotion effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of plants was as follows: a single species of mixed fungi was inoculated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus versiform. The dry weight of sunflower was 6.74 and 7.87 g, respectively, which was 1.48 and 1.60 times higher than that of natural inoculation. Therefore, glomus mosseae + glomus versiform is a suitable combination for remediation of cobalt-contaminated soil. (5) The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on plant physiological and biochemical characteristics in cobalt-contaminated soils showed that plant inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could reduce the effects of cobalt pollution. The relative conductivity of leaves increased with the increase of cobalt concentration, the content of malondialdehyde increased, the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b increased first and then decreased, and the activities of anti-catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in leaves changed in the same way. In the same degree of cobalt contaminated soil, the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content were as follows: the control group of single strain of mixed bacteria; the chlorophyll content, anti-catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity were as follows: the control group of single strain of mixed bacteria.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6
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