稻-油轮作下保护性耕作对土壤肥力的影响及评价

发布时间：2018-08-24 14:12

【摘要】：本文选取湖北省武穴市、荆州市和武汉市3个稻-油轮作长期定位试验点(试验时间分别为9年、5年和3年),通过连续监测土壤容重、孔隙度、p H、有机质、全氮、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾等,研究在不同耕作年限和方式下,秸秆还田和免耕对水稻季(2015年10月)和油菜季(2016年5月)各土层(0~20 cm和20~40 cm)中土壤物理性质和养分的影响,并应用内梅罗指数法综合评价各土层土壤肥力水平,以探讨长期秸秆还田对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:1)秸秆还田处理使水稻季和油菜季的土壤容重降低2.00%~16.54%,土壤总孔隙度增加1.00%~15.07%;而免耕处理下油菜季的变化与其相反,水稻季的变化不显著。2)秸秆还田处理增加了3个试验点0~20 cm土层中有机质(4.76%~35.07%)、全氮(1.80%~32.03%)、速效磷(20.95%~65.82%)、碱解氮(5.97%~37.00%)和速效钾(8.71%~133.04%)的含量,其中速效钾含量的增加幅度最高;免耕处理对土壤各养分的影响不显著,而在配施秸秆后,相对于其他处理,其对各养分的增加效果相对最好。各处理对20~40cm土层的影响与0~20 cm土层相似,但整体增加效果没有后者显著。3)各试验处理中,免耕+秸秆还田和施氮磷钾肥+秸秆还田两种处理增加各土层土壤综合肥力系数较大(7.56%~25.93%),它们对土壤肥力的提高效果相对较好。
[Abstract]:In this paper, three rice-oil tankers from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Jingzhou City and Wuhan City were selected as long-term location test sites (the test time was 9 years, 5 years and 3 years respectively). The soil bulk density, porosity, organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium were continuously monitored. The effects of straw returning and no-tillage on soil physical properties and nutrients in rice (October 2015) and rape (May 2016) soil layers (0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm) were studied. Nemero index method was used to evaluate the soil fertility level in order to explore the effect of long-term straw returning to soil fertility. The results showed that the soil bulk density of rice season and rape season was decreased by 2.00 ~ 16.54 and the total porosity of soil increased by 1.00 ~ 15.07, but the change of rape season under no-tillage treatment was opposite, the results showed that: 1) under no-tillage treatment, the soil bulk density decreased by 2.00 ~ 16.54, and the soil total porosity increased by 1.00 ~ 15.07. The soil organic matter (4.76 ~ 35.07%), total nitrogen (1.80 ~ 32.03%), available phosphorus (20.95 ~ 65.82%), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (5.97 ~ 37.00%) and available potassium (8.71C ~ 133.04%) were increased in soil layer of 0 ~ 20 cm (4.76 ~ 35.07%), total nitrogen (1.80 ~ 32.03%), available phosphorus (20.95 ~ 65.82%), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (5.97 ~ 37.00%) and available potassium (8.71 ~ 133.04%). The effect of no-tillage treatment on soil nutrients was not significant, but after straw application, the effect of no-tillage treatment was the best compared with other treatments. The effect of each treatment on 20~40cm soil layer was similar to that of 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer, but the overall increase effect was not as significant as that of 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer. No tillage straw returning to field and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer returning straw to field increased soil comprehensive fertility coefficient (7.56% to 25.93%), and they improved soil fertility relatively well.
【作者单位】：华中农业大学农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室;
【基金】：公益性行业专项基金(201503123) 国家自然科学基金(41271252)资助~~
【分类号】：S158

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