赤眼蜂对不同寄主受精卵以及未受精卵的寄生选择及适应性研究
发布时间：2018-08-24 14:21
【摘要】：对不同种类寄主的选择寄生和寄生适应性是筛选优势赤眼蜂的关键因素。赤眼蜂对不同种类寄主卵和不同发育阶段的同一寄主卵常表现出不同的嗜好性,但是对同一寄主的受精卵以及未受精的寄生选择和适应性国内外尚未见报道。本研究以稻螟赤眼蜂,松毛虫赤眼蜂,螟黄赤眼蜂和黏虫赤眼蜂为测试蜂种,以水稻二化螟、米蛾以及柞蚕的受精卵和未受精卵为测试寄主,调查了赤眼蜂对不同寄主受精卵以及未受精卵的寄生偏好性和发育适合度。主要研究结果如下:1、赤眼蜂对水稻二化螟受精卵以及未受精卵的寄生选择以及适应性测试的三种赤眼蜂对新鲜水稻二化螟受精卵均有明显的偏好性。稻螟赤眼蜂,松毛虫赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂24 h内寄生水稻二化螟新鲜受精卵的数量量(9.3、8.6和9.4粒)均明显高于未受精卵(1.1、2.1和2.9粒);而在受精卵和未受精卵上的羽化率、后代雌蜂比率和发育历期未见显著差异。2、赤眼蜂对不同处理柞蚕受精卵以及未受精卵的寄生选择以及适应性测试的松毛虫赤眼蜂明显偏好寄生柞蚕受精卵,当提供自产水洗、自产未水洗、剖腹水洗和剖腹未水洗未受精卵时,柞蚕卵的寄生率分别为80%、60%、60%和75%,而提供水洗和未水洗受精卵时,柞蚕卵全部被寄生。赤眼蜂在水洗受精卵(63.1粒)和未水洗受精卵(74.6)上的产卵数量明显高于自产未水洗(39.4粒)和剖腹水洗的未受精卵(38.2粒)。松毛虫赤眼蜂寄生不同处理的柞蚕受精卵和未受精卵后,赤眼蜂的羽化率以及后代雌蜂比率均不存在显著差异。3、赤眼蜂对米蛾受精卵以及未受精卵的寄生选择以及适应性以米蛾卵为测试寄主,稻螟赤眼蜂,螟黄赤眼蜂和黏虫赤眼蜂在受精卵上的寄生量(32.3、37.4和33.8粒)均明显高于在未受精卵上的寄生量(10.4、14.5、17.4粒);在未受精卵上三种赤眼蜂的发育历期(8.7、7.9和10.0 d)与在受精卵上的发育历期(8.4、7.7和9.5 d)相比,呈现出不同程度的延长;而羽化率和后代雌性性比未见显著差异。4、赤眼蜂对米蛾受精卵以及紫外杀胚卵的寄生选择和适应性供试的三种赤眼蜂中,螟黄赤眼蜂寄生紫外杀胚米蛾受精卵(42.2粒)的数量明显高于正常受精卵(31.3粒)。在紫外杀胚卵上,螟黄赤眼蜂的寄生数量明显高于稻螟赤眼蜂(32.3粒)和黏虫赤眼蜂(34.2粒),在正常受精卵上,三种赤眼蜂的寄生量没有明显差异。三种赤眼蜂在紫外杀胚卵上的羽化率均明显高于正常受精卵;三种赤眼蜂在米蛾正常受精卵或紫外杀胚卵上的后代雌蜂比率均不存在明显差异;但是,螟黄赤眼蜂在米蛾正常受精卵或紫外杀胚卵上的发育历期最短,其次是稻螟赤眼蜂,黏虫赤眼蜂的发育历期最长。5、赤眼蜂对不同日龄米蛾的受精卵以及未受精卵的寄生选择和适应性三种赤眼蜂在米蛾不同日龄受精卵或未受精卵上,均表现出随龄期增加寄生能力下降的趋势。总体上看,三种赤眼蜂对同一日龄受精卵的寄生数量要高于未受精卵。三种赤眼蜂在米蛾不同日龄受精卵上,均表现出随龄期增加羽化率下降的趋势,而在不同龄期未受精卵上的羽化率无显著差异。三种赤眼蜂在不同日龄未受精卵上,均表现出随龄期增加发育历期延长的趋势。同其它二种赤眼蜂相比,在各日龄受精卵上,螟黄赤眼蜂寄生数量最多,发育历期最短,表现出最好的适应性。通过研究四种赤眼蜂对水稻二化螟、米蛾和柞蚕受精和未受精卵的寄生选择和适应性,综合来看,赤眼蜂均偏好寄生不同寄主种类的受精卵,且在不同寄主种类受精卵上的发育适合度均好于未受精卵。
[Abstract]:Selective parasitism and parasitic adaptability to different hosts are the key factors for the selection of dominant Trichogramma. Trichogramma exhibits different preferences for different host eggs and the same host eggs at different developmental stages, but selections and adaptability to the same host eggs and unfertilized parasitism have not been reported at home and abroad. In this study, Trichogramma oryzae, Trichogramma dendrolimus, Trichogramma borer and Trichogramma mucilaginosa were used as test species, and fertilized eggs and unfertilized eggs of rice stem borer, rice moth and oak silkworm were used as test hosts. The parasitic preference and developmental fitness of Trichogramma oryzae to fertilized eggs and unfertilized eggs of different hosts were investigated. The number of freshly fertilized eggs (9.3, 8.6 and 9.4 eggs) parasitized by Trichogramma oryzae, Trichogramma Dendrolimus and Trichogramma Dendrolimus within 24 hours were all clear. There was no significant difference in the ratio of female wasps and the duration of development between fertilized and unfertilized eggs. 2. Trichogramma preferred parasitic eggs for fertilized and unfertilized eggs of Antheraea pernyi, and Trichogramma Dendrolimus preferred parasitic eggs of Antheraea pernyi. The parasitization rates of tussah eggs were 80%, 60%, 60% and 75% respectively when they were washed with water, washed with cesarean water and washed without water. When they were washed with water and washed without water, all tussah eggs were parasitized. 4 eggs) and 38.2 eggs (unfertilized eggs) washed by laparotomy. There was no significant difference in the rate of emergence and the ratio of female wasps in the offspring between the fertilized and unfertilized eggs of Antheraea pernyi parasitized by Trichogramma dendrolimus. 3. The parasitic selection and adaptability of Trichogramma Dendrolimus to the fertilized and unfertilized eggs of Antheraea pernyi were tested by rice moth eggs. The parasitism of Trichogramma furnacalis, Trichogramma furnacalis and Trichogramma mucilaginosa on fertilized eggs (32.3, 37.4 and 33.8 eggs) was significantly higher than that on unfertilized eggs (10.4, 14.5, 17.4 eggs); the developmental duration (8.7, 7.9 and 10.0 days) of the three Trichogramma furnacalis on unfertilized eggs (8.4, 7.7 and 9.5 days) was different from that on fertilized eggs (8.4, 7.7 and 9.5 days). The number of eggs (42.2 eggs) parasitized by Trichogramma borer was significantly higher than that of normal fertilized eggs (31.3 eggs). The parasitic number of Trichogramma furnacalis was significantly higher than that of Trichogramma furnacalis (32.3) and Trichogramma mucilaginosa (34.2). There was no significant difference among the three Trichogramma species on normal fertilized eggs. However, the developmental duration of Trichogramma borer on normal fertilized or ultraviolet-killed eggs was the shortest, followed by Trichogramma oryzae, Trichogramma mucilaginosa, which had the longest developmental duration. The parasitism of three Trichogramma species to fertilized eggs at the same age was higher than that of unfertilized eggs. The emergence rate of three Trichogramma species to fertilized eggs at different age showed a downward trend. Compared with the other two Trichogramma species, Trichogramma borer had the most parasitism and the shortest developmental duration on the fertilized eggs of each day, showing the best adaptability. The parasitic selection and adaptability of four Trichogramma species to fertilized and unfertilized eggs of rice stem borer, rice moth and oak silkworm were studied. Generally speaking, Trichogramma preferred to parasitize fertilized eggs of different host species, and the developmental fitness of fertilized eggs of different host species was better than that of unfertilized eggs.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S476.3
本文编号：2201088
[Abstract]:Selective parasitism and parasitic adaptability to different hosts are the key factors for the selection of dominant Trichogramma. Trichogramma exhibits different preferences for different host eggs and the same host eggs at different developmental stages, but selections and adaptability to the same host eggs and unfertilized parasitism have not been reported at home and abroad. In this study, Trichogramma oryzae, Trichogramma dendrolimus, Trichogramma borer and Trichogramma mucilaginosa were used as test species, and fertilized eggs and unfertilized eggs of rice stem borer, rice moth and oak silkworm were used as test hosts. The parasitic preference and developmental fitness of Trichogramma oryzae to fertilized eggs and unfertilized eggs of different hosts were investigated. The number of freshly fertilized eggs (9.3, 8.6 and 9.4 eggs) parasitized by Trichogramma oryzae, Trichogramma Dendrolimus and Trichogramma Dendrolimus within 24 hours were all clear. There was no significant difference in the ratio of female wasps and the duration of development between fertilized and unfertilized eggs. 2. Trichogramma preferred parasitic eggs for fertilized and unfertilized eggs of Antheraea pernyi, and Trichogramma Dendrolimus preferred parasitic eggs of Antheraea pernyi. The parasitization rates of tussah eggs were 80%, 60%, 60% and 75% respectively when they were washed with water, washed with cesarean water and washed without water. When they were washed with water and washed without water, all tussah eggs were parasitized. 4 eggs) and 38.2 eggs (unfertilized eggs) washed by laparotomy. There was no significant difference in the rate of emergence and the ratio of female wasps in the offspring between the fertilized and unfertilized eggs of Antheraea pernyi parasitized by Trichogramma dendrolimus. 3. The parasitic selection and adaptability of Trichogramma Dendrolimus to the fertilized and unfertilized eggs of Antheraea pernyi were tested by rice moth eggs. The parasitism of Trichogramma furnacalis, Trichogramma furnacalis and Trichogramma mucilaginosa on fertilized eggs (32.3, 37.4 and 33.8 eggs) was significantly higher than that on unfertilized eggs (10.4, 14.5, 17.4 eggs); the developmental duration (8.7, 7.9 and 10.0 days) of the three Trichogramma furnacalis on unfertilized eggs (8.4, 7.7 and 9.5 days) was different from that on fertilized eggs (8.4, 7.7 and 9.5 days). The number of eggs (42.2 eggs) parasitized by Trichogramma borer was significantly higher than that of normal fertilized eggs (31.3 eggs). The parasitic number of Trichogramma furnacalis was significantly higher than that of Trichogramma furnacalis (32.3) and Trichogramma mucilaginosa (34.2). There was no significant difference among the three Trichogramma species on normal fertilized eggs. However, the developmental duration of Trichogramma borer on normal fertilized or ultraviolet-killed eggs was the shortest, followed by Trichogramma oryzae, Trichogramma mucilaginosa, which had the longest developmental duration. The parasitism of three Trichogramma species to fertilized eggs at the same age was higher than that of unfertilized eggs. The emergence rate of three Trichogramma species to fertilized eggs at different age showed a downward trend. Compared with the other two Trichogramma species, Trichogramma borer had the most parasitism and the shortest developmental duration on the fertilized eggs of each day, showing the best adaptability. The parasitic selection and adaptability of four Trichogramma species to fertilized and unfertilized eggs of rice stem borer, rice moth and oak silkworm were studied. Generally speaking, Trichogramma preferred to parasitize fertilized eggs of different host species, and the developmental fitness of fertilized eggs of different host species was better than that of unfertilized eggs.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S476.3
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