山东省部分地区麦田土壤成分分析
发布时间：2018-08-25 18:55
【摘要】：土壤是地球表面的主体,由岩石经过长期的自然侵蚀而形成一种质地较为疏松的物质,主要由很多层厚度不同的矿物质构造而成。土壤中的组成元件种类繁多,所含各种化学成分的结构、性质和功能都十分复杂,能够为地球表面上植物的生长和生态循环中能量的交换提供丰富的营养物质和充足的水分。由于土壤一直不断的遭受着例如气候、早期形成的纹理、微生物环境和人类活动等各种物理、化学和生物等因素的影响,因此,形成了不同来源地的土壤具有不同的特异性。土壤与人类活动存在着非常紧密的联系,在法医科学的早期时代,就已经被用作了追踪的微量证据对案情进行分析判断。土壤之所以能成为法医学追踪证据的五个主要形式之一,是因为它具有的复杂而明显的地域性特征,这些特征因为土壤地理区域位置的不同而具有不同的特性。目前,关于土壤作为法医学追踪微量证据的研究,国外已有了相对简单的应用,而在国内却并未发现相关的研究报道。本论文是通过对山东省部分地区麦田土壤成分分析判断出该土壤样品来源地的一个方法探究。在秋季小麦播种之前从山东省内87个地区麦田地中采集土壤样品,对其物理、化学、生物三个方面进行研究分析,得出相应的数据,逐级进行分类,最终达到鉴别出土壤样品来源地的目的。在此研究系统中随机抽取样品(盲选),对其进行物理、化学和生物等方面进行分析鉴别,依据探究实验所得到的数据作为比对标准,逐级对盲选样品进行分析判断,检验是否能准确确认出该土壤样品的来源地。如果多次判断准确率较高,说明该探究方法可行。可将此研究方法和思路推广应用于更为细致的条件下的土壤的分析与鉴别。例如山东省内各地不同季节麦田土壤的、不同地形和更多类型的土壤成分分析,从而为建立涵盖山东省绝大部分地区的土壤数据库提供了可靠的方法基础和依据。本论文主要涉及的实验方法有:(1)利用表观法分析土壤样品属性,主要是针对土壤样品的颜色和质地的研究分类,可将研究系统中87个土壤样品根据颜色分为:红色:19个,黄色:31个,黑色37个。根据土壤质地对每种颜色样品分类:①红色砂土10个,②红色壤土6个,③红色黏土3个;④黄色砂土17个,⑤黄色壤土12个,⑥黄色黏土2个;⑦黑色砂土12个,⑧黑色壤土19个,⑨黑色黏土6个。(2)对表观分类后的9种类别样品,利用扫描电子显微观察分别记录其扫描图像,计算颗粒平菌面积大小,发现样品颗粒面积普遍在100~700μm2,因此制定A、B、C、D、E、F六个分类级别,继续分类。(3)利用能谱法对土壤样品中化学元素进行定量分析,主要检测的化学元素为Na、Mg、Al、Fe等,根据样品中元素含量特点对其做出分析鉴别。(4)利用红外光谱法对土壤样品中化合物进行定性分析,主要是通过的红外峰谱图的位置读取样品中特殊的化学官能团的,确定其相应的化学性质。(5)利用T-RFLP法分析土壤样品中生存的微生物的群落结构、性质和功能的差异性,进一步确定不同来源地的土壤样品的特性,从而达到鉴别土壤样品的目的。来源地不同的土壤样品在组分种类及各组分的含量和质量等方面都存在一定的差异性,当受害人或犯罪分子身上在犯罪现场上附带了很少量的土壤,结合本实验所探究的方法进行分析鉴定土壤稳定的差异性,作为追踪学微量物证将被害人或犯罪嫌疑人和犯罪现场联系到一起,以此证明其相关的犯罪活动。
[Abstract]:Soil is the main body of the earth's surface, which is formed by long-term natural erosion of rocks. It is mainly composed of many layers of minerals with different thickness. The exchange of energy in growth and ecological cycles provides abundant nutrients and water. Soils from different sources have different characteristics because they are constantly affected by physical, chemical and biological factors such as climate, early texture, microbial environment and human activities. Heterosexuality. Soil is closely related to human activities and has been used in the early years of forensic science as trace micro-evidence to analyze and judge the case. Soil has become one of the five main forms of forensic tracking evidence because of its complex and obvious regional characteristics. At present, the study of soil as trace evidence of forensic medicine has been relatively simple abroad, but no relevant research report has been found in China. This paper judges the soil by analyzing the soil composition of wheat fields in some areas of Shandong Province. Soil samples were collected from 87 wheat fields in Shandong Province before sowing in autumn. The physical, chemical and biological aspects of soil samples were studied and analyzed. The corresponding data were obtained and classified step by step. Finally, the source of soil samples was identified. Samples (blind selection), physical, chemical and biological analysis and identification, according to the data obtained from the exploratory experiment as a comparison standard, step by step to analyze the blind samples to determine whether the source of the soil samples can be accurately identified. This research method and idea can be applied to soil analysis and identification under more detailed conditions, such as wheat field soil composition analysis in different seasons, different topography and more types of soil composition in Shandong Province, thus providing a reliable method basis and method for establishing soil database covering the vast majority of Shandong Province. The main experimental methods involved in this paper are as follows: (1) Apparent method is used to analyze the properties of soil samples, mainly aiming at the color and texture of soil samples. 87 soil samples in the research system can be divided into: red: 19, yellow: 31, black 37. According to the soil texture classification of each color sample: 1. There are 10 colored sandy soils, 6 red loam soils, 3 red clay soils, 17 yellow sandy soils, 12 yellow loam soils, 2 yellow clay soils, 12 black sandy soils, 19 black loam soils and 6 black clay. The size of the sample was found to be in the range of 100-700 micron 2. Therefore, six classifications of A, B, C, D, E and F were worked out and continued to classify. (3) The chemical elements in soil samples were quantitatively analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The main chemical elements were Na, Mg, Al, Fe and so on. According to the characteristics of element content in the samples, the samples were analyzed and identified. Qualitative analysis of compounds in soil samples was carried out by means of infrared spectrogram. The chemical properties of the compounds were determined by the location of the special chemical groups in the samples. (5) The community structure, properties and functions of the microorganisms in soil samples were analyzed by T-RFLP, and the different sources were further determined. Soil samples from different sources have certain differences in the types of components and the content and quality of each component. When the victim or the criminal is accompanied by a small amount of soil on the crime scene, the method explored in this experiment is used to separate the soil samples. Analyzing and identifying the differences of soil stability as trace trace evidence will link the victim or suspect with the scene of the crime to prove the related criminal activities.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S151.9
本文编号：2203797
[Abstract]:Soil is the main body of the earth's surface, which is formed by long-term natural erosion of rocks. It is mainly composed of many layers of minerals with different thickness. The exchange of energy in growth and ecological cycles provides abundant nutrients and water. Soils from different sources have different characteristics because they are constantly affected by physical, chemical and biological factors such as climate, early texture, microbial environment and human activities. Heterosexuality. Soil is closely related to human activities and has been used in the early years of forensic science as trace micro-evidence to analyze and judge the case. Soil has become one of the five main forms of forensic tracking evidence because of its complex and obvious regional characteristics. At present, the study of soil as trace evidence of forensic medicine has been relatively simple abroad, but no relevant research report has been found in China. This paper judges the soil by analyzing the soil composition of wheat fields in some areas of Shandong Province. Soil samples were collected from 87 wheat fields in Shandong Province before sowing in autumn. The physical, chemical and biological aspects of soil samples were studied and analyzed. The corresponding data were obtained and classified step by step. Finally, the source of soil samples was identified. Samples (blind selection), physical, chemical and biological analysis and identification, according to the data obtained from the exploratory experiment as a comparison standard, step by step to analyze the blind samples to determine whether the source of the soil samples can be accurately identified. This research method and idea can be applied to soil analysis and identification under more detailed conditions, such as wheat field soil composition analysis in different seasons, different topography and more types of soil composition in Shandong Province, thus providing a reliable method basis and method for establishing soil database covering the vast majority of Shandong Province. The main experimental methods involved in this paper are as follows: (1) Apparent method is used to analyze the properties of soil samples, mainly aiming at the color and texture of soil samples. 87 soil samples in the research system can be divided into: red: 19, yellow: 31, black 37. According to the soil texture classification of each color sample: 1. There are 10 colored sandy soils, 6 red loam soils, 3 red clay soils, 17 yellow sandy soils, 12 yellow loam soils, 2 yellow clay soils, 12 black sandy soils, 19 black loam soils and 6 black clay. The size of the sample was found to be in the range of 100-700 micron 2. Therefore, six classifications of A, B, C, D, E and F were worked out and continued to classify. (3) The chemical elements in soil samples were quantitatively analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The main chemical elements were Na, Mg, Al, Fe and so on. According to the characteristics of element content in the samples, the samples were analyzed and identified. Qualitative analysis of compounds in soil samples was carried out by means of infrared spectrogram. The chemical properties of the compounds were determined by the location of the special chemical groups in the samples. (5) The community structure, properties and functions of the microorganisms in soil samples were analyzed by T-RFLP, and the different sources were further determined. Soil samples from different sources have certain differences in the types of components and the content and quality of each component. When the victim or the criminal is accompanied by a small amount of soil on the crime scene, the method explored in this experiment is used to separate the soil samples. Analyzing and identifying the differences of soil stability as trace trace evidence will link the victim or suspect with the scene of the crime to prove the related criminal activities.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S151.9
【共引文献】
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