滇南亚热带地区典型公益林与商品林凋落物储量及持水特性

发布时间：2018-08-25 20:07

【摘要】：为探讨滇南亚热带地区公益林凋落物水文生态效应,以普洱市7种典型林分类型的公益林——A0常绿阔叶林、A1思茅松(Pinus kesiya)纯林、A2混思茅松林(8:2)、A3混栎类(2:8)、A4黄竹林(Dendrocalamus membranceus)、A5灌木林地、A6宜林地)为研究对象,以同种类型商品林,另加橡胶林(Rubber plantation)和桉树林(Eucalyptus robusta)作对比,通过野外调查、室内浸水法对其凋落物储量、持水特性、对降雨的拦蓄性能等进行定量研究,结果表明,(1)公益林中,思茅松纯林的凋落物储量最大(21.30±2.10)t·hm~(-2),常绿阔叶林最小(12.47±1.31)t·hm~(-2);商品林中,黄竹林凋落物储量最大(14.30±2.41)t·hm~(-2),橡胶林最小(2.83±0.12)t·hm~(-2)。(2)各林分凋落物持水量的变化规律基本一致,持水量随着时间的变化而增大,1.5内,持水量增幅较大,5.5 h后增幅相对平稳。24 h后,公益林中常绿阔叶林的凋落物持水量最大(0.841mm),灌木林最小(0.449 mm);商品林中,橡胶树凋落物持水量最大(0.795 mm),思茅松纯林最小(0.505 mm)。总的趋势为阔叶树种的凋落物持水量大于针叶树种。凋落物持水量与浸泡时间呈对数关系(Y=alnt+b)。(3)同种林分的公益林与商品林的凋落物吸水速率,除混栎类几乎相同,其他类型公益林的凋落物吸水速率高于同类型商品林,各林分凋落物吸水速率与浸水时间之间的关系呈幂函数关系(Y=at~(-b))。(4)公益林中,因思茅松纯林凋落物储量较大,其最大持水量(3.416 mm)也较常绿阔叶林(2.686 mm)大,对降雨的拦蓄能力也最好(2.033 mm);商品林中,黄竹林凋落物有效拦蓄量最高(1.394mm),受干扰程度最大的橡胶林凋落物有效拦蓄量最小(0.434 mm)。综合分析,滇南亚热带地区公益林凋落物的水文生态功能优于商品林。商品林因人为经营活动,其林下凋落物层的完整性遭到破坏,凋落物层的水文功能减弱,所以人为干扰是影响凋落物层水文功能的主要因素之一。
[Abstract]:In order to study the hydrological and ecological effects of litterfall of public welfare forest in the subtropical region of southern Yunnan, Taking 7 typical public welfare forests of Pu'er city, A0 evergreen broadleaved forest (A0 evergreen broad-leaved forest), A _ 1 (Pinus kesiya) pure forest, A _ (2) A _ (2) A _ (2) A _ (3) Quercus mixed Quercus (2:8) A4 yellow bamboo forest, (Dendrocalamus membranceus) (A5) shrub forest, as the research object, the same type of commercial forest was studied. In addition, compared with rubber forest (Rubber plantation) and eucalyptus forest (Eucalyptus robusta), through field investigation, indoor soaking method was used to quantitatively study its litter reserves, water holding capacity, rainfall interception performance and so on. The results showed that: (1) in the public welfare forest, The litter storage of pure Pinus simaoensis forest was (21.30 卤2.10) t hm~ (-2), and that of evergreen broadleaved forest was (12.47 卤1.31) t hm~ (-2), and that of commercial forest was (14.30 卤2.41) t hm~ (-2) and (2.83 卤0.12) t hm~ (-2). (2). The water holding capacity of evergreen broadleaved forest was the largest (0.841mm), and the shrub forest was the smallest (0.449 mm); commercial forest). The moisture capacity of litter in Hevea was the largest (0.795 mm),) and the smallest (0.505 mm).) in Simao pine pure forest. The general trend was that the litter water capacity of broadleaved species was greater than that of coniferous species. There was a logarithmic relationship between the water holding capacity of litter and soaking time (Y=alnt b). (3). The rate of water absorption of the same forest and commercial forest was almost the same, except for the mixed oak, the water absorption rate of other types of public welfare forest was higher than that of the same type of commercial forest. The relationship between the water absorption rate of litter and the soaking time of different stands showed a power function relationship (YYT ~ (-b). (_ 4). The maximum water holding capacity (3.416 mm) of pure Pinus simao forest (3.416 mm) was larger than that of evergreen broadleaved forest (2.686 mm). The interception capacity of rainfall was also the best (2.033 mm); commercial forest, the most effective interception of litter (1.394mm), the largest degree of interference in rubber forest litter effective storage capacity (0.434 mm). Comprehensive analysis shows that the hydro-ecological function of litters in public welfare forest is better than that in commercial forest in the subtropical area of southern Yunnan. The integrity of litter layer is destroyed and the hydrological function of litterfall layer is weakened because of artificial management. Therefore, human disturbance is one of the main factors that affect the hydrological function of litter layer.
【作者单位】：西南林业大学林学院;江城县勐烈镇林业服务中心;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31660173) 西南林业大学云南省省级重点学科(林学)(2012BAD23B04) 云南省林学一流学科建设项目(51600625) 云南省教育厅重点项目(515006009) 普洱市林业局委托项目(215660)
【分类号】：S714

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