油茶土壤养分和果实主要经济性状对沼液用量的响应

发布时间：2018-08-25 20:00

【摘要】：为给沼液在油茶上的应用提供合理与科学的指导,以6年生油茶林为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,设置了5个施不同沼液量的试验组(B_0:0 kg/株,对照组;B_1:10 kg/株;B_2:20 kg/株;B_3:30 kg/株;B_4:40 kg/株),连续2 a观测其对油茶土壤主要养分含量变化情况及对油茶果实产量、含油率的影响。结果表明:施用沼液能够显著增加土壤中有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量,对土壤肥力改良作用明显。在施沼液2 a后,土壤中碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量均随着沼液用量的增加而逐渐增加,土壤有机质的含量则趋于平稳。5组处理中,以B_4(40 kg/株)处理对土壤养分含量的改善效果最好。在油茶果实方面,施用沼液能有效提高油茶单株鲜果产量,改善油茶果实经济性状。不同沼液用量处理油茶鲜籽含水率、鲜出籽率、种仁含油率、鲜果含油率差异显著。与对照组B_0处理相比,B_3(30 kg/株)处理油茶鲜出籽率提高了56.7%,干出籽率提高了34.72%;B_4处理主要提高了油茶果实含油率,与对照相比,其种仁含油率提高了21.20%,鲜果含油率提高了58.93%。土壤速效养分含量与油茶果实含油率呈显著正相关,其中以土壤速效磷含量与果实含油率相关性最好。因此,施用沼液能够改善土壤速效养分含量,显著提高油茶果实含油率。
[Abstract]:In order to provide reasonable and scientific guidance for the application of biogas liquid in Camellia oleifera, a 6-year old oil tea forest was used as the research object. The random block design was used to set up five test groups (B0: 0 kg/ strain) with different amount of biogas liquid. In the control group, B1: 10 kg/ strain, B2: 20 kg/ strain, B3: 30 kg/ strain, B4: 40 kg/ strain) were used to observe the changes of main nutrient contents in Camellia oleifera soil and their effects on the yield and oil content of Camellia oleifera fruit for 2 years. The results showed that the application of biogas liquid could significantly increase the contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil, and could improve soil fertility obviously. After the application of biogas liquid for 2 years, the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus and available potassium increased with the increase of biogas liquid consumption, and the content of soil organic matter tended to steady in the treatment of 5 groups. The effect of B4 (40 kg/ strain) on the improvement of soil nutrient content was the best. In the aspect of Camellia oleifera fruit, the application of biogas liquid can effectively increase the fresh fruit yield per plant and improve the economic characters of Camellia oleifera fruit. The water content, fresh seed yield, seed oil content and fresh fruit oil content of Camellia oleifera treated with different amount of biogas liquor were significantly different. Compared with the control group B0 treatment, the fresh seed yield of Camellia oleifera treated with 30 kg/ was increased by 56.7%, the dry seed yield increased by 34.72%, the oil content of Camellia oleifera fruit was mainly increased by B4 treatment, the oil content of seed kernel and fresh fruit increased 21.20% and 58.93% respectively compared with the control group. The content of soil available nutrients was positively correlated with the oil content of Camellia oleifera fruit, and the correlation between soil available phosphorus content and oil content of Camellia oleifera fruit was the best. Therefore, the application of biogas liquid can improve the content of soil available nutrients and significantly increase the oil content of Camellia oleifera fruit.
【作者单位】：江西农业大学林学院;江西省森林培育重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD14B14)
【分类号】：S794.4;S714

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