免耕条件下轮胎压实对土壤物理特性和作物根系的影响

发布时间：2018-08-27 15:09

【摘要】：为研究免耕条件下轮胎压实对土壤物理特性及作物根系的影响,于2013—2016年在河北涿州免耕试验田设置免耕(NT)、免耕深松(STNT)、免耕压实(CNT)和免耕压实深松(CSNT)4种处理,分析4种处理对土壤水稳团聚体、土壤容重、土壤紧实度、作物根系生长的影响。试验结果表明,在3年的试验周期内,CNT处理对大团聚体含量的影响具有累积效应,随着耕作时间的增加,CNT处理各土层土壤大团聚体含量逐渐减小,在深度上CNT处理对大团聚体含量的影响深度逐渐增加,且CNT处理能够显著减小土壤团聚体平均质量直径(MWD);10~40 cm土层,CNT处理土壤容重明显高于NT、STNT、CSNT处理;0~30 cm土壤紧实度由大到小表现为:CNT、NT、CSNT、STNT,CNT处理平均土壤紧实度分别比NT、CSNT、STNT处理大38.2%、58.9%、59.4%;0~20 cm土层CNT处理玉米平均根系质量百分比分别比NT、STNT、CSNT处理大24.0%、24.9%、19.3%(P0.05),CNT处理20~40 cm土层平均根系质量百分比仅有11.6%;CNT、NT、STNT、CSNT处理小麦平均最大根长密度分别为0.63、0.83、0.84、0.83 cm/cm3。免耕条件下轮胎压实对土壤物理特性及作物根系生长影响显著,深松技术能够显著缓解压实,未受轮胎压实的免耕区域虽然能够增加土壤容重、紧实度,但影响不显著,短期内不需采取疏松措施。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of tire compaction on soil physical characteristics and crop root system under no-tillage condition, four treatments were set up in Hebei Zhuozhou No-tillage experiment Field from 2013-2016 to include no-tillage (NT), deep no-tillage, (STNT), no-tillage compaction, (CNT), and no-tillage compaction, (CSNT). The effects of four treatments on soil water stable aggregates, soil bulk density, soil compactness and crop root growth were analyzed. The results showed that the effect of CNT treatment on the content of large aggregates was cumulative in three years, and decreased with the increase of tillage time. In depth, the effect of CNT treatment on the content of large aggregates increased gradually, The soil bulk density of CNT treatment was significantly higher than that of NT,STNT,CSNT treatment (0 ~ 30 cm), showing that the average soil compactness of CNT treatment was higher than that of NT,CSNT,STNT treatment respectively, and the average soil mass diameter of CNT treatment was significantly lower than that of NT,STNT,CSNT treatment (10 ~ (10) ~ (40) cm). The average soil compactness of CNT treatment was higher than that of NT,CSNT,STNT treatment, respectively. The average root mass percentage of corn treated with CNT was 19.3% higher than that of NT,STNT,CSNT treatment (P0.05). The average root mass percentage of 2040 cm treated with CNT was only 11.6CNT NTT and 0.83 cm/cm3., respectively. The effect of tire compaction on soil physical characteristics and crop root growth was significant under no-tillage condition. Deep loosening technology could significantly alleviate compaction. Although no-tillage area without tire compaction could increase soil bulk density and compaction degree, the effect was not significant. There is no need for loose measures in the short term.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学工学院;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0700301) 江苏省现代农业装备与技术协同创新中心项目(NZXT02201601)
【分类号】：S152;S311

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