不同滴灌水量和种植方式对盐碱土水盐运移和牧草生长的影响

发布时间：2018-08-27 15:21

【摘要】：山西省大同盆地盐碱地是我省重要的后备战略土地资源,对于解决我国和我省土地资源不足、粮食问题具有很重要的现实意义。大同盆地约有300余万亩盐碱土资源,土壤的盐渍化和水资源的匮乏是导致当地经济发展不理想和阻碍农民增收的重要原因之一。滴灌设施价格的下降和区域性水资源的匮乏使得滴灌成为近年来发展最为迅速的节水灌溉措施之一,也因此滴灌这种灌溉措施由最初用于温室大盆内的设施农业走向了用于大田粮食作物和改善盐碱土种植环境方面的研究。本论文在山西省大同盆地山阴县后张堡村重度盐碱荒地上开展滴灌土壤水盐调控试验研究,并采取平作和垄作的耕作方式种植草木樨和苜蓿两种牧草,利用蒸发皿所测蒸发量的百分比控制滴灌灌溉量,研究不同种植方式和不同滴灌灌溉量条件下草木樨和首蓿土壤水盐运移的情况以及苜蓿和草木樨不同处理下株高、产量和水分利用效率的关系;研究了饱和泥浆和不同土水比情况下电导率和pH值的相关关系。主要研究成果如下:1)大同盆地饱和泥浆土壤浸提液电导率与土水比1:5和土水比1:1的土壤浸提液电导率之间存在显著的相关关系,可分别利用一元线性函数模型E Ce = 8.2457ECC1:5-0.2669,R2 = 0.9461 和ECe = 2.1937EC1:1-0.0023,R2=9639 进行拟合回归换算;2)土上水比为1:5和饱和泥浆的pH值的二次函数关系为pHe=0.7489pH1:52-12.919pH15+63.646,R2=0.8712;水土比为 1:1 和饱和泥浆的pH值关系为,二次函数关系为pH=0.4464pH1:12-7.32pH1:1+ 37.965,R2= 0.9076;而采用氢离子负对数法并通过进行公式代换,pH1:1与PHe之间的关系可为:pHe=1g(0.2448×10pH1:1 +107),R2 =0.9621;土水比为 1:5的pH与pHe之间的关系可为:pHe=1g(0.2353×10pH1:5-108),R2 =0.8559;3)在盐碱土壤或者偏碱性的土壤中,测试电导率和pH值,建议采用饱和泥浆浸提液以减小由于弱电解质CO32-和HCO3-转换带来的误差,但是如果没有条件制备饱和泥浆浸提液或者时间仓促,则建议采用土水比为1:1的浸提液;4)通过对比不同种植方式对土壤盐分淋洗的效果,发现垄作淋洗盐分的效果好于平作,但在产量差距方面并不明显,因此建议在重度盐碱土地区可以采取垄作的种植方式,垄作的种植方式在出苗期进行灌溉可以比平作更好的进行盐分的淋洗,而苗期的作物耐盐能力最弱,可以增加作物出苗率;5)不同滴灌水量对土壤盐分淋洗研究结果表明,在土壤可以入渗水量的范围内,每3天蒸发量的50%对土壤淋洗效果最好,且首蓿和草木樨产量都是最高,水分利用效率垄作种植条件下是30%利用效率最高,平作种植条件下是50%的最高;6)在相同灌溉量情况下,草木樨株高和产量明显高于苜蓿。
[Abstract]:Saline-alkali land in Datong Basin of Shanxi Province is an important reserve strategic land resource in our province. It is of great practical significance to solve the shortage of land resources and grain problem in our country and our province. There are more than 3 million mu of saline-alkali soil resources in Datong Basin. The salinization of soil and the scarcity of water resources are one of the important reasons that lead to the unsatisfactory development of local economy and hinder the increase of farmers' income. The drop in the price of drip irrigation facilities and the scarcity of regional water resources make drip irrigation one of the most rapidly developing water-saving irrigation measures in recent years. As a result, drip irrigation has moved from facility agriculture, which was originally used in large greenhouse basins, to research on field food crops and improving the environment of saline-alkali soil cultivation. In this paper, the soil water and salt regulation of drip irrigation was studied on the heavy saline-alkali wasteland of Houzhangbao Village, Shanyin County, Datong Basin, Shanxi Province, and two kinds of forage grasses, sweet clover and alfalfa, were cultivated under the cultivation of flat cropping and ridge tillage. The percentage of evaporation measured in pan was used to control the irrigation amount of drip irrigation. The water and salt migration of sweet clover and first alfalfa soil and plant height of alfalfa and sweet clover were studied under different planting methods and different drip irrigation rates. Relationship between yield and water use efficiency and correlation between conductivity and pH value of saturated mud and different soil-water ratio were studied. The main results are as follows: (1) there is a significant correlation between the conductivity of saturated mud soil in Datong Basin and the conductivity of soil extract at 1:5 of soil-water ratio and 1:1 of soil-water ratio. The linear function model E Ce = 8.2457ECC1: 5-0.2669 R ~ 2 = 0.9461 and ECe = 2.1937EC1: 1: 1: 0.0023 ~ R2N ~ (9639) can be used to fit and convert the quadratic function relation of water ratio on soil to 1:5 and pH value of saturated mud to pHe=0.7489pH1:52-12.919pH15 63.646R _ 2N _ (0.8712). The relation between pH value of soil and water ratio of 1:1 and saturated mud is obtained. The quadratic function relation is pH=0.4464pH1:12-7.32pH1:1 37.965n R2 = 0.90766.The relationship between PHe and pH=0.4464pH1:12-7.32pH1:1 by using the negative logarithm method of hydrogen ion is: pHe1g (0.2448 脳 10pH1:1 107) R2 0.9621; the relationship between pH and pHe with the ratio of soil to water is 1:5; the relationship between pH and pHe is:% pHe1g (0.2353 脳 10pH1:5-108) R2 0.8559m3) in saline soil or in saline soil. In alkaline soils, To test electrical conductivity and pH value, it is recommended that saturated mud extraction solution be used to reduce the error caused by weak electrolyte CO32- and HCO3- conversion, but if there is no condition to prepare saturated mud extract solution or time is short, It was suggested that the soil-water ratio of 1:1 should be used in the extraction solution 4) by comparing the effects of different planting methods on the leaching of soil salt, it was found that the effect of ridge cropping on leaching salt was better than that of flat cropping, but the difference in yield was not obvious. Therefore, it is suggested that ridge planting can be adopted in heavy saline-alkali soil areas. Irrigation at seedling emergence stage can do salt leaching better than horizontal cropping, but salt tolerance of crops at seedling stage is the weakest. The results showed that in the range of infiltration water, 50% of evaporation every 3 days had the best effect on soil leaching, and the yield of first alfalfa and sweet clover were the highest. The highest water use efficiency (Wue) was 30% in ridge cropping and 50% in flat cropping.) under the same irrigation amount, the plant height and yield of sweet clover were significantly higher than that of alfalfa.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S156.4;S54

【相似文献】