离子型表面活性剂对菠菜生长与土壤酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-08-27 17:03

【摘要】：为评价离子型表面活性剂对土壤生态的安全性,利用盆栽试验,研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide,CTAB)和十二烷基硫酸钠(Sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)对菠菜生物量、叶片抗氧化酶和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:CTAB和SDS都对菠菜的生长表现出低浓度促进高浓度抑制,其对菠菜生长造成抑制的临界浓度分别是500、1000 mg·kg~(-1)。各CTAB和SDS浓度处理都显著增加了叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。随着CTAB浓度增加,SOD活性呈现先增加后下降的趋势;SDS处理下,在50~750 mg·kg~(-1)浓度范围内SOD活性无显著变化,浓度750 mg·kg~(-1) SOD活性显著降低。CTAB处理下,叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性主要受到促进作用,SDS处理下CAT活性先受到促进后受到抑制。除个别浓度外,CTAB和SDS都使叶片过氧化物酶(POD)的活性降低,不同浓度之间POD活性变化规律性不强。各CTAB浓度处理下,土壤脱氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶的活性几乎都受到抑制;各SDS浓度处理下,土壤脱氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性都不同程度的增加,土壤脲酶和中性磷酸酶的活性,除个别情况外都受到抑制。CTAB和SDS都在一定程度上表现出土壤生态毒性,CTAB的毒性要大于SDS。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the ecological safety of ionic surfactants to soil, the effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide,CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (Sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS) on the biomass of spinach were studied by pot experiment. Effects of leaf antioxidant enzymes and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that the growth of spinach was inhibited by low concentration and high concentration of SDS. The critical concentration of inhibition on spinach growth was 500 mg kg~ (-1). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves was significantly increased by CTAB and SDS concentrations. With the increase of the concentration of CTAB, the activity of SOD increased first and then decreased. The activity of SOD did not change in the range of 50 ~ 750 mg kg~ (-1), but the activity of SOD decreased significantly in the concentration of 750 mg kg~ (-1). The activity of catalase (CAT) in leaves was mainly promoted and then inhibited. The activities of peroxidase (POD) in leaves were decreased by CTAB and SDS except for a few concentrations, but there was no regular change of POD activity between different concentrations. The activities of soil dehydrogenase, urease, sucrase and neutral phosphatase were almost inhibited under different CTAB concentrations, and the activities of soil dehydrogenase and sucrase increased in varying degrees under different SDS concentrations. The activities of soil urease and neutral phosphatase, except in a few cases, were inhibited. CTAB and SDS showed that the toxicity of soil ecotoxicity was higher than that of SDS. to some extent.
【作者单位】：土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室山东农业大学资源与环境学院;山东农大肥业科技有限公司;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金项目(2013M540562) 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(2012370212003)
【分类号】：S636.1;S154.2

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