黑龙江省侵蚀沟特征及其影响因素研究
发布时间：2018-08-28 11:26
【摘要】：研究黑土区侵蚀沟分布特征及其影响因素将对黑土资源保育和保障国家粮食安全有重要意义。本文以黑龙江省为研究对象,基于野外抽样调查和遥感影像解译,以ArcGIS为平台,分析了黑龙江省侵蚀沟分布特征,探讨了降水特征参数和土地利用对侵蚀沟特征的影响,分析了不同地貌类型区和侵蚀类型区的侵蚀沟分布特点,以沟壑密度为指标对全省侵蚀沟治理紧迫性进行了等级划分。论文取得了如下主要结论:(1)黑龙江省侵蚀沟的总数量为115516条,发育期侵蚀沟数量远大于稳定期侵蚀沟,其中发育期侵蚀沟数量占沟道总数的86.3%,而稳定期侵蚀沟数量占13.7%。发育期侵蚀沟长度主要分布在100-1000 m区间,而以200-500m最多,其占全省侵蚀沟总数量的49.8%。黑龙江省99.73%的侵蚀沟分布在水力侵蚀区。(2)黑龙江省沟蚀最严重的区域为漫川漫岗区台地。全省侵蚀沟分布明显集中在三个区,第一区以大兴安岭山地北部南段流水侵蚀丘陵区和松嫩冲积平原地区为核心,第二区以小兴安岭及东部山地西侧山前冲积、洪积台地地区为核心,第三区以张广才岭、完达山流水侵蚀中低山丘陵宽谷地区东部及老爷岭、太平岭、熔岩台地低山地区的七台河市、鸡西市为核心。(3)降水特征对侵蚀沟参数特征有重要影响。侵蚀沟割裂度和沟壑面积皆受多年平均汛期降水量的影响。侵蚀沟数量随多年平均最大1h降水量的增加而增大,但其随多年平均最大6h和最大24h降水量的变化呈先增加后减少的变化趋势。总体上平均沟道比降随多年平均最大6h降水量的增加而减小,但侵蚀沟割裂度和沟壑密度则随多年平均最大6h降水量增加而增大。侵蚀沟平均比降、割裂度、沟壑密度与多年平均最大1h降水量呈二次多项式函数关系,侵蚀沟数量、割裂度和沟壑密度皆随多年平均最大3d的变化呈先增加后减少的变化趋势。(4)不同土地利用下的侵蚀沟数量有较大差别,其中农田侵蚀沟占总侵蚀沟数量的72.4%。侵蚀沟平均沟道比降在草地和林地较高,而侵蚀沟割裂度和沟壑密度在农田最大。农田侵蚀沟数量最大但平均沟道长度最小,说明农田侵蚀沟大多处于发育期。(5)以沟壑密度为指标,将侵蚀沟治理紧迫性划分为极紧迫、紧迫、较紧迫和不紧迫四个等级,并以地(市)和县级行政区域为单元,对全省侵蚀沟治理紧迫性进行了等级划分。
[Abstract]:It is very important to study the distribution characteristics of erosion gullies in black soil area and its influencing factors for the conservation of black soil resources and the guarantee of national food security. Taking Heilongjiang Province as the research object, based on field sampling investigation and remote sensing image interpretation, the distribution characteristics of erosion gullies in Heilongjiang Province are analyzed on the platform of ArcGIS, and the effects of precipitation parameters and land use on erosion gully characteristics are discussed. The distribution characteristics of erosion gullies in different geomorphological and erosion regions are analyzed. The urgency of controlling erosion gullies in the province is classified according to gully density. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the total number of erosion gullies in Heilongjiang Province is 115516, and the number of erosive gullies in the developmental period is much larger than that in the stable period, in which the number of erosion ditches in the developmental period accounts for 86.3% of the total number of channels, and the number of erosion gullies in the stable period accounts for 13.7%. The length of erosion ditch is mainly distributed in the range of 100-1000 m during the development period, and the maximum is 200-500 m, which accounts for 49.8% of the total number of erosion ditch in the whole province. 99.73% of the erosion gullies in Heilongjiang Province are distributed in hydraulic erosion areas. (2) the most serious gully erosion area in Heilongjiang Province is the platform in Manchuan mangang area. The distribution of erosion gullies in the whole province is obviously concentrated in three regions. The first area is composed of flowing erosion hilly area and Songnen alluvial plain area in the northern part of Daxing'an Mountains, and the second area is alluvial in front of Xiaoxing'an Mountains and the west side of the eastern mountains. The third area is composed of Zhang Guangcailing, Wanda Mountain, and Wanda Mountain, which erode Qitaihe City in the eastern part of the low- and middle-income hilly and wide valley areas and in Laoyeiling, Taiping Mountains, and low mountain areas of lava terraces, the third area of which is composed of Zhang Guangcailing and Wanda Mountain. Jixi City is the core. (3) the characteristics of precipitation have important influence on the parameters of erosion ditch. Erosion gully cleavage and gully area are affected by the annual average precipitation in flood season. The number of erosion ditch increased with the increase of annual average maximum 1 h precipitation, but the variation of erosion ditch increased first and then decreased with the maximum annual maximum 6 h and 24 h precipitation. As a whole, the average channel ratio decreases with the increase of the annual average maximum 6 h precipitation, but the erosion gully cleavage degree and gully density increase with the increase of the annual average maximum 6 h precipitation. The average ratio of erosion ditch, the degree of cleavage, the density of gully and the annual average maximum 1 h precipitation are quadratic polynomial function, and the number of erosion ditch. The degree of cleavage and the density of gully increased firstly and then decreased with the change of annual average maximum of 3 days. (4) the number of erosion gullies under different land use had great difference, among which the farmland erosion ditch accounted for 72.4% of the total erosion ditch number. The average channel ratio of erosion ditch is higher than that of grassland and woodland, while the degree of gully cleavage and the density of gully are the highest in farmland. The number of erosion gullies in farmland is the largest but the average channel length is the smallest, which indicates that most of the erosion gullies are in the developing period. (5) the urgency of controlling erosion gullies is divided into four grades: urgent, urgent and not urgent, based on gully density. Taking the prefecture (city) and county administrative area as the unit, the urgency of controlling the erosion ditch in the whole province is classified.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157.1
本文编号：2209255
[Abstract]:It is very important to study the distribution characteristics of erosion gullies in black soil area and its influencing factors for the conservation of black soil resources and the guarantee of national food security. Taking Heilongjiang Province as the research object, based on field sampling investigation and remote sensing image interpretation, the distribution characteristics of erosion gullies in Heilongjiang Province are analyzed on the platform of ArcGIS, and the effects of precipitation parameters and land use on erosion gully characteristics are discussed. The distribution characteristics of erosion gullies in different geomorphological and erosion regions are analyzed. The urgency of controlling erosion gullies in the province is classified according to gully density. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the total number of erosion gullies in Heilongjiang Province is 115516, and the number of erosive gullies in the developmental period is much larger than that in the stable period, in which the number of erosion ditches in the developmental period accounts for 86.3% of the total number of channels, and the number of erosion gullies in the stable period accounts for 13.7%. The length of erosion ditch is mainly distributed in the range of 100-1000 m during the development period, and the maximum is 200-500 m, which accounts for 49.8% of the total number of erosion ditch in the whole province. 99.73% of the erosion gullies in Heilongjiang Province are distributed in hydraulic erosion areas. (2) the most serious gully erosion area in Heilongjiang Province is the platform in Manchuan mangang area. The distribution of erosion gullies in the whole province is obviously concentrated in three regions. The first area is composed of flowing erosion hilly area and Songnen alluvial plain area in the northern part of Daxing'an Mountains, and the second area is alluvial in front of Xiaoxing'an Mountains and the west side of the eastern mountains. The third area is composed of Zhang Guangcailing, Wanda Mountain, and Wanda Mountain, which erode Qitaihe City in the eastern part of the low- and middle-income hilly and wide valley areas and in Laoyeiling, Taiping Mountains, and low mountain areas of lava terraces, the third area of which is composed of Zhang Guangcailing and Wanda Mountain. Jixi City is the core. (3) the characteristics of precipitation have important influence on the parameters of erosion ditch. Erosion gully cleavage and gully area are affected by the annual average precipitation in flood season. The number of erosion ditch increased with the increase of annual average maximum 1 h precipitation, but the variation of erosion ditch increased first and then decreased with the maximum annual maximum 6 h and 24 h precipitation. As a whole, the average channel ratio decreases with the increase of the annual average maximum 6 h precipitation, but the erosion gully cleavage degree and gully density increase with the increase of the annual average maximum 6 h precipitation. The average ratio of erosion ditch, the degree of cleavage, the density of gully and the annual average maximum 1 h precipitation are quadratic polynomial function, and the number of erosion ditch. The degree of cleavage and the density of gully increased firstly and then decreased with the change of annual average maximum of 3 days. (4) the number of erosion gullies under different land use had great difference, among which the farmland erosion ditch accounted for 72.4% of the total erosion ditch number. The average channel ratio of erosion ditch is higher than that of grassland and woodland, while the degree of gully cleavage and the density of gully are the highest in farmland. The number of erosion gullies in farmland is the largest but the average channel length is the smallest, which indicates that most of the erosion gullies are in the developing period. (5) the urgency of controlling erosion gullies is divided into four grades: urgent, urgent and not urgent, based on gully density. Taking the prefecture (city) and county administrative area as the unit, the urgency of controlling the erosion ditch in the whole province is classified.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157.1
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 付海涛;黑龙江省农村信息化服务模式与对策研究[D];中国农业科学院;2010年
，本文编号：2209255
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