南泥湾湿地土壤动物和环境因子耦合关系的研究
发布时间：2018-08-28 12:14
【摘要】：目的:研究土壤动物群落动态变化和土壤理化因子对不同受损湿地的响应机制。方法:分别在2015年的3月、6月、9月、12月,对陕西省延安市南泥湾湿地的6块湿地样地:分别是未退化湿地-轻度退化湿地-中度退化湿地-重度退化湿地-已垦湿地(农田)-已退耕还湿样地(恢复中),进行实地调查观测和采样分析,结合周围土壤环境因子(土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、含水率、p H)和土壤动物的分布变化,为更近一步研究土壤动物对土壤环境变化的指示得出理论依据。分析研究,得出如下结果:1、在陕西省延安市南泥湾湿地中土壤动物的优势类群是以蜘蛛、跳虫和线虫为主的,其个体数量非常大,这些类群共同形成了南泥湾湿地土壤动物的基本组成;南泥湾湿地土壤动物的垂直结构分布在数量和个体多样上出现了表聚性的异相性分布变化,南泥湾湿地土壤动物中类群数的表聚性要比土壤动物个体数量的表聚性强。结合南泥湾湿地不同深度土层土壤动物群落多样性指标来分析,季节动态变化会对南泥湾湿地土壤动物类群变化和个体数量组成产生影响,随着季节的变化有些土壤动物会在土壤中进行迁移从而去适应其生存活动的环境,引起土壤动物垂直分布的季节性波动;陕西省延安市南泥湾湿地土壤动物群落多样性的季节变化规律为:秋季夏季春季冬季;南泥湾湿地土壤动物类群的季节分布变化幅度较小,有的优势类群会横跨几个季节,所以对季节的动态变化中评价土壤动物多样性主要根据其个体数量的作为参考,南泥湾湿地土壤动物群落组成时间异质性较低,相似性系数比较高。2、研究不同功能类群在不同受损湿地中的分布变化规律,形成南泥湾湿地土壤动物各功能类群对受损湿地生态系统的调控机制。3、综合分析了南泥湾湿地土壤动物群落结构与土壤理化因子的相关关系,对各土壤环境因子在不同受损湿地中的季节变化做了系统的研究。陕北南泥湾湿地中小型土壤动物的个体总数量与土壤环境因子的相关关系比较密切。但是南泥湾湿地中大型土壤动物的类群数与土壤环境因子的相关关系却不明显,p H值和土壤含水量与土壤动物的类群数和个体总数量都呈现出负相关关系,有机质含量是最能反映土壤动物丰富度的土壤养分指标,全N和全P含量与土壤动物多样性的关系有相关性,但相关关系不明显,全K含量与土壤动物的多样性基本无相关关系。结论:在不同受损湿地中土壤被破坏程度越小,其土壤动物类群数量和个体总数量越多,结构越复杂,其多样性与丰富度指数也相对越高。南泥湾湿地中未退化湿地中土壤动物的类群数量和个体数量都较多,多样性指数较高,说明湿地土壤受人为干扰影响较小,而已垦湿地主要是农田为主,结构单调,被破坏程度较大,所以其中土壤动物类群数和个体数量都较少,多样性和丰富度指数较低。随着不同类型湿地的受损程度的加重,其土壤动物的类群数量和个体总数也越来越低,环境因子中有机质的含量很好的响应了这种变化规律。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the dynamic changes of soil fauna community and the response mechanism of soil physical and chemical factors to different damaged wetlands. Methods: In March, June, September and December of 2015, six wetland samples of Nanniwan wetland in Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, were selected: undisturbed wetland, mildly degraded wetland, moderately degraded wetland, severely degraded wetland and reclaimed wetland. Farmland-returned farmland to wet sample plots (in restoration), field investigation, observation and sampling analysis, combined with the surrounding soil environmental factors (soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, water content, P H) and the distribution of soil animals change, in order to further study soil animals on the indicators of soil environmental change to obtain theoretical basis. The results are as follows: 1. The dominant groups of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province are mainly spiders, jumpers and nematodes, and their individual numbers are very large. These groups together form the basic composition of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland; the vertical structure of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland appears on the surface of quantity and individual diversity. The diversity of soil fauna community in different depths of Nanniwan wetland was analyzed. The results showed that the seasonal variation of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland was related to the variation of soil fauna community and individual quantity composition. The seasonal variation of soil fauna community diversity in Nanniwan wetland of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province is as follows: autumn, summer, spring and winter; soil dynamics in Nanniwan wetland. The seasonal distribution of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland is relatively small, and some dominant groups will span several seasons. Therefore, the evaluation of soil fauna diversity in seasonal dynamics is mainly based on the number of individuals. The time heterogeneity of soil fauna community composition in Nanniwan wetland is relatively low, and the similarity coefficient is relatively high. 2. Distribution and variation of soil fauna in different damaged wetlands formed the regulation mechanism of soil fauna functional groups on damaged wetland ecosystem. 3. The correlation between soil fauna community structure and soil physical and chemical factors in Nanniwan wetland was analyzed comprehensively, and the seasonal variation of soil environmental factors in different damaged wetlands was studied. The total number of small and medium-sized soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland of northern Shaanxi is closely related to soil environmental factors, but the correlation between the number of large-scale soil fauna and soil environmental factors is not obvious, and the relationship between P H value and soil water content and the number of soil fauna and the total number of individuals in Nanniwan wetland is not obvious. The contents of total N and total P were correlated with the diversity of soil animals, but the correlation was not obvious. There was no correlation between the content of total K and the diversity of soil animals. The smaller the degree of soil fauna, the more the total number of soil fauna and individual, the more complex the structure, and the higher the diversity and richness index. If the farmland is dominated, the structure is monotonous, and the degree of damage is relatively large, so the number of soil fauna groups and individuals are less, and the diversity and richness index are lower. This change rule is answered.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S154
本文编号：2209364
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the dynamic changes of soil fauna community and the response mechanism of soil physical and chemical factors to different damaged wetlands. Methods: In March, June, September and December of 2015, six wetland samples of Nanniwan wetland in Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, were selected: undisturbed wetland, mildly degraded wetland, moderately degraded wetland, severely degraded wetland and reclaimed wetland. Farmland-returned farmland to wet sample plots (in restoration), field investigation, observation and sampling analysis, combined with the surrounding soil environmental factors (soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, water content, P H) and the distribution of soil animals change, in order to further study soil animals on the indicators of soil environmental change to obtain theoretical basis. The results are as follows: 1. The dominant groups of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province are mainly spiders, jumpers and nematodes, and their individual numbers are very large. These groups together form the basic composition of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland; the vertical structure of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland appears on the surface of quantity and individual diversity. The diversity of soil fauna community in different depths of Nanniwan wetland was analyzed. The results showed that the seasonal variation of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland was related to the variation of soil fauna community and individual quantity composition. The seasonal variation of soil fauna community diversity in Nanniwan wetland of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province is as follows: autumn, summer, spring and winter; soil dynamics in Nanniwan wetland. The seasonal distribution of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland is relatively small, and some dominant groups will span several seasons. Therefore, the evaluation of soil fauna diversity in seasonal dynamics is mainly based on the number of individuals. The time heterogeneity of soil fauna community composition in Nanniwan wetland is relatively low, and the similarity coefficient is relatively high. 2. Distribution and variation of soil fauna in different damaged wetlands formed the regulation mechanism of soil fauna functional groups on damaged wetland ecosystem. 3. The correlation between soil fauna community structure and soil physical and chemical factors in Nanniwan wetland was analyzed comprehensively, and the seasonal variation of soil environmental factors in different damaged wetlands was studied. The total number of small and medium-sized soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland of northern Shaanxi is closely related to soil environmental factors, but the correlation between the number of large-scale soil fauna and soil environmental factors is not obvious, and the relationship between P H value and soil water content and the number of soil fauna and the total number of individuals in Nanniwan wetland is not obvious. The contents of total N and total P were correlated with the diversity of soil animals, but the correlation was not obvious. There was no correlation between the content of total K and the diversity of soil animals. The smaller the degree of soil fauna, the more the total number of soil fauna and individual, the more complex the structure, and the higher the diversity and richness index. If the farmland is dominated, the structure is monotonous, and the degree of damage is relatively large, so the number of soil fauna groups and individuals are less, and the diversity and richness index are lower. This change rule is answered.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S154
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